Educational psychology Essay Example for Free

Instructive brain science Essay Acquaintance Welcome with the investigation of another significant subject in the Bachelor of Education Curriculum. Before the finish of this course the understudy will have the option to: 1. Characterize, human science and sociological establishments in instruction. 2. Recognize any five significant focuses about the importance of Sociological establishments in training. 3. Analyze indigenous Ghanaian Education System and its impact on Western Formal Education. 4. Draw a qualification between instructive human science and human science of training. 5. Investigate the polarity among rustic and urban instruction conveyance. 6. Examine the elements and import of culture. 7. Characterize socialization and its significance to Western Formal Education. Meaning of Sociology and Sociological Foundations in Education 1. Vander Zanden considers Sociology to be the logical investigation of human association. 2. Agyeman (1992, p. 47), sees â€Å"Sociology† as â€Å" an order which examines the nature and elements of human social orders and the progressions that happen inside them. † He accepts that human science is to a great extent worried about understanding the connections that exist between individuals which eventually administer their conduct inside the general public. 3. Metta Spencer thinks about Sociology as the investigation of human gathering life. The inquiry is, what is human gathering life? Human gathering life alludes to the life of individuals in an organization. Such individuals are administered by shows (unwritten constitution, or unwritten standards and guidelines), with points and purposes for sticking them together inside a specific area. 4. Humanism as an order is keen on what makes human gathering life, conceivable, inside a given society. 5. What is society? The term society alludes to the whole mind boggling system of the social world. It might allude to public activity in the theoretical, without reference to a particular spot, however more frequently, it alludes to a nation, a country or a state like Ghana, Nigeria, Gambia, and so forth. What is Educational Sociology? Bhattacharya (2003, 2006, p. 1. , in Brown 1947), characterized Educational Sociology as the utilization of Sociology to instructive issues. Instructive Sociology is especially keen on discovering how to control the instructive procedure to accomplish better social and character advancement. Instructive Sociology poses the inquiry what issues or impact does society bring to the school. What is Sociology of Education? Social science of Education then again underlines on the idea of human relations inside the school and the social structure inside which the school works in the Community. At the end of the day, Sociology of Education is worried about what issues or impact the school brings to or/has on the general public. End product: Educational Sociologyâ€the impact of society on instruction. Human science of educationâ€the impact of instruction on society. Sociological establishments in instruction Now that we comprehend human science of training and instructive social science, we can apply the ideas to recognize what the course, sociological establishments in instruction tries to accomplish. This course resembles a bisexual. Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary characterizes bisexual as an individual, a creature or a blossom that has both male and female sexual organs and attributes. The Course thinks about the impact of society on instruction, and furthermore that of training on society. These two topics run however the course like a string that holds various dots together. Section Two How social orders flourish Societies keep going long, in light of the fact that they meet the accompanying attributes: Each general public has an a. land area, b. culture and populace. c. Explicit necessities. d. In â€built systems to accomplish these necessities. Ghana as a nation for example, needs to imitate to renew her populace; she does this by †¢educating her residents, †¢producing merchandise and enterprises to meet the public activity and status of her populace, †¢governing her kin that so there could be peace, her kin turning out to be productive members of society, †¢ meeting their enthusiastic desires, for example, the journey for religion, and †¢assisting her residents to meet their recreational and physical needs through wellbeing administrations. From the previous signs about how families flourish, it might be expressed that cultural needs are given by social foundations inside a nation. Peil (1977, p.17) characterizes a social foundation as â€Å"an suffering complex of standards, jobs, qualities and assents which grasp a particular portion of between human life. † As per Peil, Social Institutions are uncommonly sorted out and masterminded interpersonal organizations of the individuals who comprise the general public. People are in this way noted to be able to interface with one another in their day by day experience; and by so doing accomplish their requirements and their coherence across ages (Agyeman 1992, p. 47). Society along these lines, flourishes in four significant establishments: 1. Marriage and the family 2. Financial foundations 3. Political associations 4. Strict gatherings/Religious foundations. 1. Marriage and the Family When a youngster is conceived, it is raised in a family, through a procedure called socialization. Specialists have characterized socialization. A couple of such definitions are as per the following, however quite a bit of it would be analyzed in exercise ten. Socialization is a procedure of figuring out how to identify with, and cooperate with others; a procedure of embracing the personal conduct standards of the encompassing society; a demonstration of building up oneself as per the standards of communism; the demonstration of meeting for social purposes, and taking an interest in social exercises. .(http://www. babylon. com/definition/socialization/Latvian, recovered January 31 2012). Socialization is additionally a term utilized by sociologists, social therapists, anthropologists, lawmakers and educationists to allude to the way toward acquiring standards, customs and belief systems. It might give the individual the abilities and propensities essential for partaking in exercises inside their own general public. A general public itself is framed through a majority of shared standards, customs, values, conventions, social jobs, images and dialects. Socialization is in this manner ‘the implies by which social and social coherence are accomplished. ’ (http://www. babylon. com/definition/socialization/Latvian January 31 2012). Hence the procedures of socialization decide the primary plan of marriage as an organization; a couple of elements of marriage are as per the following: a. Reproducing: carrying kids into being to assume different jobs in the public eye. b. Meeting the physical needs of one another: the Lord God had expressed; â€Å"it isn't acceptable that the man should live alone, I will make him an assistance meet for him† Genesis 2:18 KJV). As it were, God Himself saw that man required an ally to assist him with adapting to life’s works, for he (Adam, the first to be made), had been relegated to dress and keep the nursery of Eden, an errand that required some assistance. Much could anyway be said about gathering the physical needs of mankind through the marriage organizations, yet it might be summarized in this famous adage: â€Å"two heads are superior to one. † After all, when the couple team up, they can accomplish their life objectives, better. c. Another huge job the marriage foundation plays in helping social orders to flourish, and inside the setting of socialization is found in one of the most significant elements of the wedded couplesâ€raising up kids in the dread of the Lord. We are to prepare our kids the correct way with the goal that they can turn out to be productive members of society when they develop (Proverbs 22:6). Today is a well established reality in each general public that solitary child rearing isn't the most ideal approach to bring up kids. Genuine Christians consequently accept that God underscored the significance of kid sustain through the collaboration of couples when He questioned couples in the prescience of Jeremiah, â€Å"Lift up your eyes and see them that originate from the north, where is the herd that was given thee, thy excellent group? † (Jeremiah 13:20 KJV). My preferred creator had noticed: The explanation there are such a large number of remorseless people in our reality is that genuine fondness has been viewed as shortcoming and has been disheartened and quelled. The better piece of the idea of people of this class was debased and overshadowed in youth, and except if beams of celestial light liquefy away their frigidity and cruel narrow-mindedness, the satisfaction of such is covered always (E. G. White, Adventist Home, p. 108, accentuation mine). In her book Child Guidance, a similar writer mentioned the accompanying objective fact. â€Å"To the mother and father the correct preparing of their kids is the most significant work of their life† (E. G White, Child Guidance, p. 556). To summarize the job marriage plays during the time spent socialization, and how it encourages social orders to flourish, one may understand that marriage is a truly key organization with regards to life on earth. It takes couples synergistic endeavors in union with multiply, or deliver posterity. What's more, when couple bear youngsters, these children should be sustained to assume different jobs in social orders. It has been distinguished that as these couples collaborate to meet each other’s physical, enthusiastic and mental necessities, they can likewise help train kids in the dread of the Lord to assist society. 2. Financial Institutions: Many physical and material needs of society are given by monetary foundations. Ventures, banks, organizations, all team up to address the issues of individuals in a general public. Anyway arrangement of necessities by these monetary establishments could be disturbed by confusion of some sort. Harmony is in this manner required in each general public. To get harmony in social orders, we need political establishments. 3. Political Institutions: These exist to keep up harmony and soundness inside a nation or society, to be specific; chieftaincy, national administration, the police administration, the military, and so forth. Without thes

How to Write a Persuasive Research Paper

How to Write a Persuasive Research PaperWriting an effective research paper is essential in achieving your academic goals. It will help you reach your objectives. In order to attain this goal, it is important to know how to write a persuasive research paper.Firstly, when writing a research paper, there are a number of factors that can affect the outcome of the paper. Some of these factors include how the research is performed, the analysis used and the conclusions drawn. All these factors will have an impact on the way the paper is written.The approach to be taken towards writing a persuasive research paper is very important. A good example of a good approach is the use of anecdotes. It helps in providing more weight to the conclusion you are drawing as well as make the presentation appear more realistic.It is important to remember that it is a personal experience, which comes from observation rather than a statistical analysis. It is also important to include anecdotes throughout th e paper. Be sure that they are relevant and true. Try not to use too many as this will reduce the impact of the report.It is best to have several points that can be related to each other to form a persuasive research paper. Start by listing the main ideas or theories, then go on to develop your research plan, your sample selection and the quantitative approach. It is important to take into account each of these elements when writing a persuasive research paper. You should also consider the perspective you are presenting the information in.One of the major areas of the research that determines how well you can write a persuasive research paper is the analysis. This is something that will help determine how well you can relate your conclusion to the topic. Forexample, if you are writing about the process of recruiting, you will need to analyze the recruitment process in order to provide an insight into the process. It is also important to research the most successful companies that re cruit the most people.Next, you need to include all the data used in the project. To provide the most effect, try to ensure that the data collection process is uniform. This will help to improve the consistency in the presentation of the report.Finally, use key words throughout the paper. Key words are what make the paper popular. It is also best to use them to introduce each section of the paper.

Can We Have an Honest Conversation About Advertisements

Can We Have an Honest Conversation About Advertisements If the following screed were a peer-reviewed journal article, its abstract would be brief: advertisements suck. Well, at least most of them do. That’s not to say that all advertising is inherently evil, or even bad, because not all advertisements are created equalâ€"they run the gamut from informative to downright destructive. To understand the inherent problems with advertisements, it’s important to first point out that advertising isnt the same thing as marketing. Though these two terms are often used interchangeably, they are different in practice. Advertisements Advertisements are paid announcements via a public mediumâ€"mattress commercials, infomercials for the latest exercise fad, and seemingly harmless adverts for harmful prescription drugsâ€"and they are generally not an endorsement by the platform on which they are displayed. In Latin, advertere means to turn toward, and thats the exact aim of todays ad agencies: theyre willing to pay heaps of money to turn your eyes toward their products and services. And if the demand for a product isnt as high as the supply, no problem! Advertising can create a false demand if the budget is high enough. In recent years, worldwide spending on advertising has topped half a trillion dollars a year. Even writing the full numberâ€"500,000,000,000.00, commas and allâ€"doesnt come close to truly understanding its depth. So lets put it into perspective: If you leave your home today and begin spending one dollar every single second, it will take you more than 15,000 years to spend half a trillion dollars. In fact, if youdve spent a million dollars every single day since the fall of Rome, you still wouldn’t’ve spent half a trillion dollars by now. And were spending more than that every year on advertising. Which isnt so bad in and of itself. After all, its just money being spent on informing people about useful stuff, right? Yes, that sort of used to be true. A Brief History of Modern Advertising Before the twentieth century, advertising largely connected the producers of goods with consumers who genuinely needed those goods. But then, as Stuart Ewen describes in his book Captains of Consciousness, Advertising increased dramatically in the United States as industrialization expanded the supply of manufactured products. In order to profit from this higher rate of production, industry needed to recruit workers as consumers of factory products. It did so through the invention of [advertising] designed to influence the populations economic behavior on a larger scale. By the Roaring Twenties, thanks to Edward Bernays, whos sometimes referred to as the founder of modern advertising and public relations, advertisers in the U.S. adopted the doctrine that human instincts could be targeted and harnessed. Bernays, a nephew of Sigmund Freud, realized that appealing to the rational minds of customers, which had been the mainstream method advertisers had used to sell products, was far less effective than selling products based on the unconscious desires that he felt were the true motivators of human action. Since then, weve witnessed ten decades of advertising agencies reachingâ€"and overreachingâ€"into the depths of the human psyche. Overreach of Advertisers Fast forward to the present day. One of the most obvious examples of advertisers’ rapacious (over)reach in recent years is the drug Sildenafil, which was created as a treatment for hypertension. When clinical trials revealed the drug wasnt effective, that should have been the end of its life cycle. But then advertisers stepped in. After discovering several male test subjects experienced prolonged erections during clinical trials, the makers of Sildenafil had a solution that desperately needed a problem. So they hired an ad agency who coined the term erectile dysfunction, and Viagra was born. This campaign took a relatively flaccid problem and created a ragging $2-billion-per-year blue pill. Of course, Viagra is a rather anodyne example. There are many pharmaceuticals whose side effects are so expansive that their commercials are forced to use gratuitous green pastures, yearbook smiles, and handholding actors to conceal the terror of rectal bleeding, amnesia, and suicidal ideation. In a sane world, misleadingly selling harmful prescription drugs would be a criminal act. Actually, it is: it’s illegal in every country in the worldâ€"except the United States and New Zealandâ€"to advertise drugs to consumers. But we let the almighty dollar get in the way. In 1976, Henry Gadsden, then CEO of Merck Co., told Fortune magazine that hed rather sell drugs to healthy people because thats where the most money was. Weve been sold new cures ever since. But please dont think this is an anti-boner-pill diatribe. According to the research, Viagra seems to be a relatively benign drug. Thereby, theres little wrong with the pill itself. Its the paid advertisements that are troublesome. Many ad agencies employ writers, demographers, statisticians, analysts, and even psychologists in an effort to divorce us from the money in our checking accounts. With the help of a fine-tuned agency, even the disclaimer is part of the sales pitch: Consult your doctor if your erection lasts longer than four hours. I dont know about you, but Id rather consult my partner with my everlasting hard-on. Viagra isnt the only product pushed beyond its initial conception. Did you know Listerine was previously used as a floor cleaner, Coca-Cola was invented as an alternative to morphine, and the graham cracker was created to stop you from masturbating? Hmm. If at first your product doesnt succeed, hire an ad agency! Selling Insecurity Making men believe their erections arent firm enough isnt the first time corporations have capitalized on human insecurity. For decades, women have been sold an inferiority complex. Our glowing screens would have the average female believe her waist isnt skinny enough, her breasts arent big enough, and her eyelashes arent lush enough. Dont worry, though, whatever your ailment, consumerism has the cure. In Fight Club, Chuck Palahniuk prophesied of a dystopia in which a cunning con man could sell our own fat back to us after extracting it from our bodies. He was only half right, however. In the book, the fat is repackaged as soapâ€"a metaphor for cleansing ourselves by way of consumerismâ€"but in the real world were sold our fat in the form of autologous-fat transfer (butt injections) so we can look like our favorite reality-television stars. In a Kafkaesque bait-and-switch, advertisers sell us the food that makes us obese because we deserve a treat, and then they sell us the diet plans and exercise equipment to combat our gluttony. The sleight of hand doesnt end with male enhancers and weight-loss remedies. Advertisers go much further, capitalizing on our fear (and greed) with radically overpriced timeshare properties, precious metals, and end-times survival kits. You may notve known the world was ending, but now that you do, theres a product you can purchase to prepare. Selling Scarcity Speaking of the end of the world, why does it seem like the ads we experience are always taking place in a state of perpetual emergency? Act now! Limited time only! While supplies last! These advertiser-induced artificial limits are almost always imaginary. The truth is that if you miss out on a so-called sale, youll be just fine because corporations are always looking for a new opportunity to sell you something today. I mean, whats the alternative? Sorry, Mrs. Customer, youre screwedâ€"you waited an extra day to make your decision, so we no longer want your money! Why, then, does almost every company inject urgency into their ads? Because, as Bernays recognized a century ago, this tactic takes advantage of our primal nature: humans make quickâ€"often rashâ€"decisions in times of perceived scarcity. This made sense when our number one concern was starvation; it makes much less sense when we think well never be able to own that big-screen television, video-game console, or clutch purse unless we get in on this weekends doorbuster bonanza. Selling Nonessentials Advertisers have gotten so skilled that they can even sell us trash and tell us its good for us. Literally. Since American farmers are faced with unprecedented hoards of soybean and corn crops, and thus unprecedented waste products from those crops, advertisers have found a way not to safely dispose of that waste but to repackage it and sell it to you as hydrogenated oil, a supposed alternative to healthier oils from olives, avocados, and almonds. Inferior cooking oils are just the start of the garbage thats sold by the food industry. The amount of junk food that is peddled to us is so immense and so dangerous that there isnt room in this essay to meaningfully explore the sugar and processed foods vended by Americas largest corporations, but it can be summed up in a single stat: in 2018, you are more likely to die from obesity than of a violent crime, terrorism, war, starvation, or a car crash. Junk foods arent the only junk we buy. Unbeknown to us, advertisers have helped turn our homes into mausoleums of trash. To justify our clinging, weve invented cute nicknames for our junkâ€"trinket, knickknack, novelty, doohickey, tchotchke, collectors item, mementoâ€"as if what we call our trash increases its importance. But in the real world, the cheap plastic things we purchase at gift shops arent of importance, which might be fine if they made us happier or improved our lives, but they dont. Instead, we experience a dull high that wears off soon after the cash register dings its quiet victory, and we sit in the aftermath of consumption with an unusable artifact. Then, in time, we feel icky because were too ashamed to let go, so we purchase plastic storage containers to hideâ€"ahem, organizeâ€"our past mistakes. Each year, Americans spend $1.2 trillion on nonessential goods. In contrast, we contribute less than $200 billion to charities every year. In other words, we spend a trillion dollars more on shit we don’t need than on helping people in need. Advertising to Children Advertisers have found perhaps the easiest way to flood our homes with nonessentials: by advertising to our children. Not only do kids lack the critical thinking skills to say no to the foods that are killing us, but if they develop brand loyalty early, then Ronald McDonald has a lifetime customer. According to the American Psychology Association, commercial appeals to children became commonplace with the advent and widespread adoption of television, and they grew exponentially with the proliferation of cable television, which allowed programmers to develop entire channels of child-oriented programming and advertising. It is estimated that advertisers spend more than $12 billion each year to reach the youth, and children view more than 40,000 television commercials each yearâ€"an exponential increase from decades past. The American Academy of Pediatrics believes this targeting occurs because advertising in the U.S. alone is a $250 billion a year industry with 900,000 brands to sell, and children and adolescents are attractive consumers: teenagers spend $155 billion each year, children younger than 12 spend another $25 billion, and both groups influence another $200 billion of their parents spending every year. Perhaps the solution is to follow Sweden, Norway, and Quebec, and completely bar advertising to children under the age of 12. But more than likely its up to us as parents to develop the systems and communities that will better influence our kids viewing habits. The Upside of Advertising When done carefully, however, as rare as that might be, advertising can help fulfill an existing need. In fact, a hundred years ago, many ads did just that: they connected potential customers with a product that would improve their lives. I myself have benefited from informative advertisements. Living in Los Angeles, Im exposed to more billboards than most of the worlds population. Even though theyre a horrendous eyesore, I can honestly say that Im more informed about the available mediaâ€"movies, music, television seriesâ€"than if these advertisements didnt exist. The same is true for the tailored ads of the Internet. Google does a great job matching their content with my perceived needs. If a website is going to clutter their sidebar with banner ads, I would rather be served messages that are geared toward my interests: the bookshelf Ive been considering instead of a cosmetics display, the socks I need instead of an automobile pitch, the concert I want to attend instead of a beer commercial. It would be hard for me to claim that ads dont occasionally provide some quantifiable good to my life. Im simply not sure whether the pros outweigh the cons. True, the ads are better than ever, but maybe Im more likely to spend my money irresponsibly when Im constantly presented ads that match my precise interests. And while L.A.s billboards are more informative than, say, the ambulance chasers who fill the outdoor displays in most American cities, theyre still intrusive, and Id prefer they didnt exist at allâ€"and Im not alone. The Peoples Preference While I was driving from Burlington to Boston last year, something felt off. The rolling emerald landscape was unsullied, not unlike a tranquil screensaver, and I felt an unnameable calm as the mile markers ticked away. Then I crossed the Massachusetts state line, and it became obvious: the trips serenity was produced largely by its lack of billboards, which are illegal in the state of Vermont. Currently, four statesâ€"Alaska, Hawaii, Maine, and Vermontâ€"prohibit billboards. And more than 1,500 cities and towns have banned them throughout the world, including one of the largest cities on Earthâ€"Sao Paulo. When Sao Paulo introduced its Clean City Law in 2007, more than 15,000 billboards were taken down. To boot, an additional 300,000 intrusive signsâ€"pylons, posters, bus and taxi adsâ€"had to go. The strangest result of ridding the worlds third largest city of these advertisements? In a poll done after the removal, a majority of Paulistanos actually preferred the change. What a novel idea: ask people what they like instead of letting profitability dictate the cityview. From Good to Great Profit If all ads were unobtrusive and informative, it would be hard to have anything bad to say about them. But many twenty-first century advertisers have figured out how to manipulate the system for maximum profit. In the era of mass media and Internet spamming, theyve crossed a line: we went from connecting people with products they need; to creating a false desire for objects that add little value to our lives; to selling objects that get in the way of a richer, more fulfilling life. Many of the things advertisements make us think we need are actually the source of our discontent. You see, the easiest way to sell us happiness is to first make us unhappy. Its a painful cycle for us; its big business for them. Unfortunately, we’ve accepted ads as part of our everyday life; we’ve been conditioned to think they are a regular part of content delivery. After all, advertisements are how we get all those TV shows, radio programs, online articles, and podcasts for free, right? Alternatives to Advertisements Theres no free lunch. Every hour of network television is peppered with nearly 20 minutes of interruptions, and the same is true for most other mediums, which one could argue is more costly than the free price tag because we’re giving up our two most precious resourcesâ€"our time and attentionâ€"to receive the product. If we don’t want ads storming our attention (or our childrens attention), then we must be willing to pay for the things we associate as free. Netflix, Apple Music, and similar services are able to sidestep the traditional advertising model by providing a service people value. Other businesses and individualsâ€"Wikipedia and Sam Harris come to mindâ€"follow a variation of this ad-free model, frequently called a freemium model, where creators provide content for free, and a small portion of their audience supports their work monetarily. (By the way, this model is what keeps The Minimalists Podcast advertisement-free.) When asked why he chooses not to run ads on his popular Waking Up podcast, Sam Harris responded, I dont feel I can credibly run ads on my podcast, even for products and services I love and use myself. The one ad I read for a while was for Audible, which I do use, but even in that case, I dont feel entirely comfortable telling you that you should subscribe to Audible. I mean, should you? Perhaps you shouldnt. I have no idea. And that would go down as the worst Audible ad ever. In any case, Ive discovered that I dont feel comfortable selling ads, which is fine because I hate what ads have done to digital media. The advertising model is responsible for almost everything that is wrong online. But not running ads puts me in a position of asking my audience for support. This is something I approached with real trepidation in the beginning. However, having done it, Ive discovered its actually the most straightforward relationship I can have with my audience. No matter your feelings about Netflix, Apple Music, Wikipedia, Sam Harris, or similar companies and individuals, their approach undoubtedly improves their creations by making them interruption-free, and it increases trust since their audience knows these creators aren’t beholden to the desires of advertisers, which allows them to communicate directly with their audience in a way that strengthens the relationship because the customers are in control, not the ad buyers. Moreover, as consumers, our willingness to exchange money for creations forces us to be more deliberate about what we consume. If we’re paying for it, we want to make sure we’re getting our money’s worth. It’s a mystery why we don’t do the same for so-called free programming, where we pay no money, but we rarely get our attention’s worth. Whether your time is worth $10, $100, or $1,000 per hour, you likely spend tens of thousands of dollars every year consuming messages from advertisers. Think about that: in a very real way, youre paying to be advertised to. And there are no refunds on your misspent attention. Marketing The flipside of advertising isnt the absence of communicationâ€"its marketing. In his book, The Mindset of Marketing Your Music, Derek Sivers writes, Don’t confuse the word marketing with advertising, announcing, spamming, or giving away branded crap. Really, marketing just means being considerate. Marketing means making it easy for people to notice you, relate to you, remember you, and tell their friends about you. What Sivers is describing here is the most honest form of marketing: informing people without manipulating or bothering them. At its ethical zenith, marketing considers the needs and points of view of an audience and works hard to meet those needs by connecting the creators with consumers in an authentic way. In neutral terms, marketing is an unpaid endorsement, often by the creator herself, communicated directly to an audience whos eager to learn more about the product or service. When done well, this is what Seth Godin describes as Permission Marketing: the privilege (not the right) of delivering anticipated, personal, and relevant messages to people who actually want to get them. It is possible to engage in world-class marketing without spending a penny on advertising. True, both advertising and marketing are forms of promotionâ€"both allow creators to present their goods and services to a group of peopleâ€"and when executed poorly, even well-intended marketing can be overkill. Like advertisements, not all marketing messages are created equal. Bastardized Marketing Unfortunately, not every marketer is a paragon of integrity. Just like the advertising world, marketing messages can be laced with misinformation, exaggerations, and propaganda. When creators stray from their audience’s preferencesâ€"when they stop providing value and abuse their permission with over-marketingâ€"they fail; they fall victim to vapid self-promotions, the most egregious examples of which include spam emails, website pop-ups, clickbait headlines, begging for followers, searching for Likes. As The Minimalists, we provide loads of high-quality free creationsâ€"essays, podcasts, and quotesâ€"and we occasionally use our platforms to promote a book, event, or service. And if we’re being forthright, even though we attempt to market with integrity, even we struggle to walk the line between informative and overkill. While Ryan I refuse spam, pop-ups, and salacious titles, and we strive to add value, we, too, have fallen victim to the look at me Internet cultureâ€"occasionally putting our preferences above our audience’s best interests. Whenever we catch ourselves straying, we course correct, and we work diligently to improve. Marketing as Part of the Creation Regardless of how you feel about marketing, it is the final step in the creative process. Marketing helps creators get their creations in front of people, and when approached delicately, it benefits their audience. But when creators focus more on promoting the creation than the act of creating, the product suffers and so does the audience, and trust is eroded. Until recently, the only way a creator could effectively market her product was to plaster her message across television, radio, print, and billboards. Using jargon like GRPs, TRPs, and frequency, advertisers could guarantee their product would reach a particular audience via a robust advertising plan. Even though this shotgun approach was imprecise, it was the only way to get to a mass audience. Today, the opposite is true. As a creator, you are your own marketing department; you can find an enthusiastic audience without the need to advertise. And because our tools are better than ever, your efforts can be more precise than the traditional approach of yesteryear, so you neednt cast a wide net to be effective. In fact, a thousand true fans  are enough. Spending time marketing your creation doesnt need to be tedious, either; it can be creative, artistic, and even fun. Thats why the best marketing doesnt feel like marketing: it feels like a conversation or entertainment or something the audience anticipates. Above all, it feels considerateâ€"not salesy or forced. Unavoidable Advertisements All of this poses an interesting and prickly dilemma for us as The Minimalists. Because we don’t want to add to the noise, we personally don’t allow ads on our website, podcast, or any other medium we directly control. However, we appear regularly on television and radio shows, as well as in newspapers and magazines, in which advertisements appear. And we’re honestly conflicted about this. Even companies we respect and have partnered withâ€"our tour promoter, Live Nation; our primary bookselling platform, Amazon; and the company behind our travel-bag project, Paktâ€"engage in various forms of advertising. We could, of course, choose not to appear anywhere that participates in advertising in any form, but because ads are virtually everywhereâ€"Americans see upwards of 5,000 each dayâ€"that would greatly limit the amount of people our message reaches. So we’ve instead decided to ride the line: no, we won’t incorporate ads into our platforms, and we’ll continue to speak out against the innate problems with advertising, but we won’t hide in a cave to shield ourselves from every billboard. Now maybe you don’t think advertisements are a big deal, but I believe they are one of the worst things to happen to our culture: they are the largest contributing factor toward rampant consumerism in the developed world, and they’re the biggest reason our political climate is where it is today. Advertisements are much like the islands of plastic haunting our oceansâ€"a giant problem people rarely think about. That doesnt mean ads (or plastic) shouldnt exist; I simply dont feel good about producing either unless they contribute to the greater good. Values over Money That said, Im not allergic to money. And this commentary isn’t meant to be a judgment on other people. Many of my close friends incorporate advertisements into their creations, and I don’t necessarily begrudge them for that. It likely wouldn’t do much good anyway because, as Upton Sinclair once wrote, It is difficult to get a man to understand something when his salary depends on his not understanding it. The way I understand it, though, is simple: my values trump my ability to make money. And advertisements dont align with my personal values. Do I want to earn a living? Yes, of course I do. But I want to live a life thats congruent with my values, and thus I dont want money to be the primary driver of my creations. Just because I can advertise, that doesnt mean I should. True, money will always be an important part of the equation (everybody has to pay the bills, right?), but if we put creativity and our values first, then we can determine the role of money further down the line. Conclusion Suffice it to say, this disquisition wouldnt see the light of day in any of todays ad-driven organs. Nor would it find its way into a scholarly journal, because this isnt a peer-reviewed article; its just one guys loosely connected thoughts about advertising. Its my hope that these musings start a conversation about the oft-ignored pernicious aspects of advertisements. And maybeâ€"just maybeâ€"our society can find a way to make advertisements that dont suck. Lets not hold our breath, though. If we want to produce meaningful creations, we must rely on ourselves. Or, as the historian Yuval Noah Harari once wrote, You cannot unite humanity by selling advertisements. This is true even if those ads are for dick pills. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Journey Of The West Is A Chinese Novel By China And Taiwan...

Journey to the West is a Chinese novel published in the 16th century that tells a story of Xuanzang or Tripitaka’s journey to retrieve original Buddhist sutras for China. The influence of Journey to the West has become insurmountable in Asian cultures and has managed to help both Taoism and Buddhism to surge in popularity and stay relevant today. Being one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, Journey to the West has been successfully adapted into various forms of media and is often a required read in both China and Taiwan’s education system. What makes Journey to the West stand out and emerge as the most popular literature out of the four is due to the main character, Sun Wukong or the Monkey King’s immense cultural†¦show more content†¦At one point, Sun Wukong even single-handedly defeats the Army of Heaven’s 10,000 celestial warriors, proving that he is a warrior of the same caliber as Heaven’s general, Erlang Shen. U nfortunately, Sun Wukong’s misconducts had to be punished, and the Buddha imprisons Sun Wukong under his palm for more than 500 years. He is eventually set free by the Bodhisattva, Guanyin to help Xuan Zang travel to the west safely and retrieve the Buddhist sutras. Sun Wukong’s popularity lies in his eccentric personality, his super powers, and his embodiment of various religious influences. For example, Asian countries such as China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, and others have almost an unbreakable bond in the teachings of Confucius. The governmental system, their education system, as well as these countries’ societal culture all emphasize on the teachings of filial piety. Conversely, Sun Wukong’s early life is the perfect opposition of Confucius’ teachings when he wreaks havoc in the Heavenly Kingdom. Notably, his entire character’s early life is the embodiment of anarchism which supports the idea of Taoism as Sun Wukong personifies the opposition force that is responsible for correcting the world’s negativity. His wrong-doings in the Heavenly Kingdom has obvious damage and repercussions. However, it is due to his wrong-doings, the Jade Emperor realizes his army’s weakness and has taken actions to re pair those flaws. Additionally, Sun Wukong’s signature golden staffShow MoreRelatedStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 PagesOhio Wesleyan Writing Center Founded University Promoting1955 as a hallmark of liberal arts education writing Writing Guidelines Statements of Purpose From the OWU Writing Center in the Sagan Academic Resource Center The OWU Writing Center Corns 316 ââ€" ª (740-368-3925) ââ€" ª http://writing.owu.edu ââ€" ª open Monday-Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Ohio Wesleyan University Writing Center  © 2011 Writing Guidelines for Statements of Purpose Contents Writing Your Statement of Purpose ..........Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesMcKeown 9 †¢ 2 Twentieth-Century Urbanization: In Search of an Urban Paradigm for an Urban World †¢ Howard Spodek 53 3 Women in the Twentieth-Century World Bonnie G. 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The Absence of Women in Beowulf, The Wifes Lament, and...

The Absence of Women in Beowulf, The Wifes Lament, and the Battle of Maldon It could be argued that women are indeed present in the minority in surviving Anglo-Saxon poetry, and that therefore, they are made conspicuous through their absence. The fact they may appear less frequently in Old English Literature does not necessarily mean that women were any less significant in society at this time, although this is the conclusion reached by some. It is assumed that women did, in general, have less important and prominent social roles than men at the time, and the power that they did possess tended to be dictated to them by males. This essay will discuss and examine the social roles and position of the women who did appear in Old English†¦show more content†¦This is true of Beowulf, as although the story of Hildeburh is told, it is not from her point of view. At the centre is the moving depiction of Hildeburh lamenting her loss as the funeral pyre consumes her brother and her son. Another funeral pyre, that for Beowulf himself, affords the poet an opportunity to touch upon in more universal terms but nevertheless powerfully, the theme of the war-related sufferings of women; an anonymous woman who: sang a sorrowful song about Beowulf, said again and again that she sorely feared for herself invasions of armies, many slaughters, terror of troops, humiliation, and captivity. The theme of the ritual mourner was a predominant one in Anglo-Saxon times. This could be seen as a show of power, the woman taking the lead in a situation that would allow her to do so, an environment in which emotion takes priority over strength and courage. The men present at the funeral do try to govern the funeral setting and take control of the situation through their creation of an immense funeral fire. However, it is much easier for the woman to take over when the situation becomes unfavourable to masculine characteristics. Where women are present in Old English poetry, they are often looked upon as passive, or shadows in an

The American Civil War - 2092 Words

The american civil war was a war fought in the United States between northern Union and southern Confederate states from 1861 to 1865, in which the Confederacy sought to establish itself as a separate nation. This war involved both economic factors with ideological factors. The most notable of each being that the southern economy heavily relied on slavery and that people in the north had been increasingly opposing slavery due to its philosophical implications. During the period of this ar european superpowers such as France, russia and Great Britain were involved with america in multiple ways, which influenced the course of the war. American society, though it continued to evolve, was heavily influenced by the european colonies that settled in the area centuries ago. The south still consisted of large plantations owned by the relatives of the slave holders from the caribbean. The plantations were mostly worked by slaves who were born in america due to the earlier abolition of the at lantic slave trade by european powers. These plantations produced cotton which was sold to european nations during the war and this economic system justified the continuation of slavery. The north became industriously urban , the near entirety of production being done by wage workers and becoming region filled with cities. Due to the fact that the north was originally settled by the religiously devout and economically driven traders, slavery was never a notable part of the societal image. TheShow MoreRelatedAmerican War And The American Civil War1551 Words   |  7 Pageswhich then caused the Southern states of America to decide to leave the American Union and create their own Southern Confederacy. This tore our nation apart. The American Civil War had begun and the very people that were once neighbors had each other’s blood on their hands. Many American lives had been lost. 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From Virginia to Texas, their future foes on the battlefield enlisted to preserve a social order, a social order at its core built on the institution of slavery and racial superiority . Secession had not been framed by prominent Southerners like Robert Toombs

Effects Facing Transportation Section in Expo 2020

Question: Discuss about theEffects Facing Transportation Section in Expo 2020. Answer: Introduction Mega events have a great impact on a countrys transportation section as highlighted in the study by (Antonio et al., 2014). The research shows how the 2020 expo will benefit the economy of Dubai in five key areas with transportation taking the second position. In another research by the Antonio et al. (2014) reports that the transportation sector of Dubai will have to grow if it has to handle the projected transport demand of 35%. The research also points out that the skills in infrastructure will be on high demand as a preparation for the event. Some of the legacies that will be left behind will include the state of the art infrastructure. According to Antonio et al. (2014) How do expos impact transportation he explains that rather than the benefits that come with expos there are also the challenges that host countries will face. In his report he tells that host countries need to have financial plan set in place to be able to handle the mega events. As much as there is going to be a boost on transportation the government needs to address the indirect and the direct impacts of the expos such as sudden price hikes in fares. In another research conducted by the Logistics Middle East (2013) and reported by Ahmad Lala it showed that the expo will have both pain and gain on the logistics sector. The financial numbers in the countrys revenue is expected to increase but the big question is how much will the companies take from the pie? With the projected demand the sector will attract new companies that did not exist in the market hence extra competition. The traffic situation will be chaotic and moving from one point to the other will be a challenge to the logistic companies. The cost of doing business will go up in general; the logic behind it is that with the increase in demand it will mean that the supply will be low which in turn will cause inflation as the cost of man power will go up according to Ahmad Lala (2013). The Middle East economic analyst Bryan Plmondon (2013) on the other hand reports that in the non-oil based economy the transport sector will benefit more from the expo at 32% but the infrast ructure part will rug behind from 2016 to 2017 but it will pick up as more funding will be made available from the increase in oil prices expected later in 2016. According to Expo 2020 (2013) the expo has the power to transform the economies of countries and make them develop in new sectors. An instance is the Shanghai expo that attracted 73 million people in 2010 and a further 2.7 million tourists visited the country. After the expo the country had developed 6 new subways and four thousand new taxi brands. Dubai is one of the leading tourist destination around the world hence has properly laid out architectural designs and infrastructures. The expo is expected to attract at least 25 million people from all over the world that means that the transportation has to be carefully planned out earlier. The country is expected to spend at least $ 9.8 billion in the transportation section to improve the current state (Bhavani Kukunuru, 2016). Most of the visitors will arrive through air and expansions to be done on the airports. The internal transportation in Dubai changed drastically after the announcement of the expo. Dubai launched the Dubai Metro to cater for internal transportation to ease up the jams. Dubai is expected to increase its bus networks as well as the fleets to be able to ensure smooth flow of the population that will be expected. With the Dubai International Airport reported to handle 55 million visitors every year with flights to 220 destinations the airport is expected to be prepared because the flights will increase drastically during the expo. Despite the preparedness the transport industry needs to understand the behavior of markets that after the demand is over how do you cope up with the return to normal. The analysis of how markets behave in sudden demands has been analyzed by Ahmad (2013) in his report to the Gulf States for Globe Express Services. He points out that the logistic companies need not to be greedy of the opportunity they just have to have a master plan in place to avo id getting out of business. Methodology There has been a lot of research and literatures done on the effects of mega vents such as the Expo on the transportation section of the host country. There are many articles which have been written to study such events. According to Ahmad (2013) he mentions in his paper that event studies require an in depth analysis of both the positive and negative effects. An insight into the research can be done to ascertain the facts. Though using surveys I was able to gather data on how the transport sector is expected to behave during the 2020 expo. I was able to get the quantitative and qualitative results that could be easily analyzed. Accessing the transport sector is broad and it requires diversified approaches in data collection. I used several research questions such as what is an expo. How will be the expo change the transport industry? What are the opportunities that come with the expo? What are the negative implications of the expo to the transport industry? How do you plan on exploiting the opportunities? What are the challenges that will make it hard for you to achieve your goals or target during the expo? The survey had 10 participants in the transport industry and others were in other industry but used public transport more often. Six of the participants were from the transport industry as either drivers or operating in the logistic companies. Using online survey software I helped the participants go through the questions and give Reponses in the simplest way possible. The participants were required to give their personal information and agree to the survey. This helped them be at ease and give more genuine answers. The participants were the working class ranging from 25-45 years of age. I chose the age bracket because the expo is more of technology driven and it requires people are more intimate with the current technological trends. I had selected 30 participants at the start of the survey but because others were not ready to disclose their information I narrowed the number to 10 participants whom I felt gave satisfying answers. The results I gathered were what the participants per ceived to be the effects of the Expo on their lives. Conclusion and Recommendations The Dubai 2020 Expo will have a great impact on the economy of Dubai both positive and negative. The notable areas that will be affected greatly include the transportation section considering the nature of the event. Mega events such as this attract people from all over the world meaning that every preparation has to be put in place to accommodate the overwhelming number of visitors. From my survey the participants saw the Expo as an opportunity to invest in the key areas of transport which will be the main issue to address. What the participants did not understand is how the transportation will be impacted such as the logistics. From my literature reviews analyst predict that investors are going to turn the table around if they are careful in balancing the opportunities with the resulting negative impacts such as the cost of transportation hiking up which can be avoided by improving the already existing infrastructure rather than increasing their vehicle fleets. Of all the participa nts in the survey only two of them noted the negative effects of the expo on transportation. The government of Dubai needs to address the aftermath that the expos is going to cost the transport sector through seating with the stake holders in the transport sector. Bibliographies Bhavani, G. Kukunuru, S. (2016). Impact of EXPO 2020 on Dubai Financial Market An Event Study on Banks, Investment and Insurance Sectors. International Journal Of Financial Research, 7(2). The authors Bhavani and Kukunuru give reports of how the expo 2020 will change the economy of Dubai greatly given the fact it has one of the fastest growing economies in the world. They give a critical analysis on the sector of Transportation and how there are going to be both positive and negative effects. Even with the projected increase in revenues there has to be a balance that has to be looked at to avoid companies from going out of business after the economy stabilizes. Antonio, J., Moroy Anton, Jan Jose, Gema Saez. (2014). Mega- events impact one economic growth. African Journal of Business Management, 5(16), 6940-6948. In their second edition the three authors analyze how Mega events change the economics of host countries drastically. Citing examples from previous mega events such as the World cup that took place in South Africa, the impact it had on the country was so great. They show that the expo 2020 will sky rocket Dubai in the smart city initiative. Transportation being the key areas that improves drastically in such events. Dubai will be the first country to host the expo in the Middle East meaning much has to be done if it will take the opportunity. Ahmad, L. (2013). Logistics Middle East. The Impact Of Dubai 2020 Expo On Logistics, 2(1). In the article Ahmad addresses the issue of transportation in detail. Most benefits will come to the transportation sector but what the key investors are forgetting is how the industry will be affected after the expo. He gives insights on how the investors can take cautions early enough to avoid being driven by greed of financial returns. This relates to my report on the effects that the expo will have on Dubais transport section.

animal Inteligence essays

animal Inteligence essays The debate about the intelligence of animals has been one of the most frequently talked about subjects in the study of animal behavior. Are animals intelligent, or are the just doing what their instincts tell them to do. But if an animal only reacts on instinct, how have some animals been able to survive even though their environment has changed. How could these animals survive they are not able to learn from and recognize the changes to their environment. Too me the idea that animals are just mindless robots just doing what their instincts tell them to do is preposterous. Animals have a long history of learning, communication, and other signs of intelligent behavior. Scientist trying to understand their behavior has studied animals around the world. Some scientists have been studying conditioning animals to do certain action and remember long string of characters. Pavlov a behavioral physiologist discovered that when he rang a bell just before feeding his dogs began to salivate and expect food. While most people think of this as just a simple reflex it shows that the animal has linked the two actions. The Skinner box showed the learning capability small animals. It used operant conditioning to teach mice to remember patterns to switches. If a creature can remember and figure out how to activate a switch it clearly shows a capacity for higher thought. If animals only act on instinct what does it due when it encounters an event that it has never come across before. The whole idea of adaptation would not exist. When the first gazelles appeared on earth did they right from the start that know that moving in herds would be their safest option. Highly on likely, it probably took a few gazelles being eaten before the learned that. While I will admit that there is a possibility of this knowledge occurring naturally I still doubt it very much. Did ants suddenly organize the complex socia ...

Role of the Citizens

Role of the Citizens Introduction Being a member of a particular state or country provides an individual with rights as well as responsibilities. This means that just as much as an individual expects the government to perform its duties, the same is expected of them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of the Citizens specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Famous philosophers have delved into this issue over the past centuries dating back to human existence all in the view of exploring the interaction and relationship between the state and the people. Overtime, most philosophers have influenced the role of politics and intellectual thought with some of their theories and school of thought going a notch higher to become the foundation of modern day democracies and states. This paper has particularly focused on two famous philosophers whose ideas still proliferate and apply in the modern society. These are Karl Marx, the father of socialism and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, whose famous work ‘The Social Contract’ has been the basis for democracy and the will of the people. Jeanne Rousseau ‘Men are born free, yet everywhere they are in chains’. These are famous words from his widely acclaimed work, The Social Contract. Rousseau was of the opinion that the civil society has failed to bestow upon human beings their natural birthright to freedom but has rather confined them to the false sense of security from the state. According to Rousseau, the citizens are a collective grouping which general views resonate loud in the political sphere of the state and are supposed to uphold the greater aspect of representing the general will of the people. It occurs when human beings as individuals hold dissimilar views and desires respective to their personal positions but the sovereign carry the day, representing the general will of all the people. Rousseau therefore proposed means by which the awareness of the general will would be achieved and this would be through the convening of the sovereign in regular periodic assemblies (Simon 76). This would be done individually or through the elected representatives of the sovereign as reflected in most modern democracies. Therefore, with reference to his definition of the sovereign and the general will, Rousseau was of the opinion that citizens had the obligation to attend the assemblies organized in order to deliberate upon their current state, proposing ways and means of improving their lives as citizens and also to ensure that the general will of the people was respected and achieved by the state. This goes further in indicating one important role of citizens, that of voting.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Simon (308), voting or the electoral process is the benchmark used to determ the democratic state of the country. The outc ome of this process should reflect the general will of the people. Citizens therefore have the customary duty of voting on issues that require a general decision, such as during referendums, as well as electing suitable representatives who would properly represent them in the national arena ensuring their voices are heard. Rousseau concurs with Simon’s view and indicates that it is crucial that human beings exercise their independence by going to such gatherings, for whenever they break the trend, or the elected representatives fail to do so in their place, their independence is lost. Blais Moore (P 431) are also of the opinion that resonates well with Rousseau and Simons view that of the popular undertaking where the government usually goes against the general wills of the people hence the need for constantly surveying the government’s actions. This explains the existence of a frictional relationship between the sovereign and the government. All in all, Rousseau aim to make society as democratic as possible has played a determining role in the evolution and development of democracy in modern states. Furthermore, his discussions of the courts influenced the structure of checks and balances preserved in the instituting papers of the United States. Karl Heinrich Marx Marx, a famous philosopher of the 19th century is known today as the father of socialism (Dick, Blais and Moore 377). Some of his works and ideas were influenced by Jean-Jacques Rousseaus but differ greatly particularly where the state and the role of citizens is concerned. His work and ideas are mainly based on the medieval age, where the segregation of society was not due to differences in culture, race, creed or color but rather due to class differences. These differences did not arise due to income or status but rather due to property. He classifies society based on the three main classes discussed below: Bourgeoisie- this represented the owners of the means of production such as machinery and was the first class in the society’s class tier. Their main source of income was profit. Landowners- just like the title depicts, these were land owners, a valuable means of production and they took second place. Their income was from rent. Proletariat- these were the last grouping in the social structure. They were comprised of the peasants who sold their labour for a wage. Marx felt strongly against the selling of labour for wages as it tended to distinguish the individual from his/her real being or nature, an aspect he referred to as commodity fetishism. The role of citizens of the state was therefore in accordance with the place in the social structure as indicated above. For instance, it was a common belief that political power was determined by power over production. The role of the bourgeois class therefore was to use this power, vested upon them in virtue of their power over production (capital).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample o n Role of the Citizens specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Marx’s time was characterized by the rise of capitalism, practiced by capitalists, whom he described as vampires sucking workers’ blood. He was a widely acclaimed critique of capitalism and a protagonist of socialism and proposed a communist society that would replace the capitalistic one. He viewed socialism as the means to achieve development without the exploitation of the workers (Berlin 249). Marx proposed a new society where capitalism would end through the organized actions of an international working class and individuals would be in a position to act short of being restricted by the labor market authorities. Comparison between Marx and Rousseau on the role of citizens Similarities According to Garsten (p 430), although the two philosophers differ in means of approach and methods, they agree on the following: Both philosophers deliberate on the issue of inequality. Rousseau advocates for the establishment of a regime that will arbitrate problems associated with disparity in community. Marx is of the opinion that class division in assets should be eliminated through the communal possession of production means. Both focused on the requirements of the society and not personal wants. Differences Rousseau was of the opinion that the existence of the government was due to the need to conduct the executive duty of imposing laws and overseeing the day-to-day functioning of the state (Workler Gorsten 248). Marx, on the other hand, theorizes on the collapse of the government or the state in general due to the revolt of the international working class. According to Marx, political power is determined by the power of production, meaning that the more means of production one had, the greater was the power. Rousseau however indicates that the political power of the state rests with the people as they reflect the general will of the sovereign.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marx views the society as being segregated on the basis of social classes. Rousseau, on the other hand, views society as comprised of a collective unit of people whose general will surpasses the will of the individual. They also differ on the areas in society where change is needed. For Rousseau, it was the political realm that needed change whereas for Marx, it was the radicalization of economy that would eventually do away with inequality. Wise words ‘Brothers, we all belong to one family; we are all children of the Great Spirit; we walk the same path; slake our thirst at the same spring; and now affairs of the greatest concern lead us to smoke the pipe around the same council fire’ (Reisert 65). This represents a part of Tecumseh’s speech, an iconic Indian leader who strived for an independent native Indian state. He advocates for unity to achieve a common goal, that of protecting the Indian territory from encroachment by foreigners. Marx and Rousseau would ag ree with Tecumseh’s views since both are advocates of unity and equality. Berlin, Isaiah. Karl Marx: His life and environment. New York: Sage Publishers, 1978. Print. Dick, James, Jeffrey Blais and Peter Moore. Civics and government. New York: McGraw-Hill publishers, 1996. Print. Reisert, Joseph. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: A friend of virtue. New York: Oxford Publishers, 2003. Print. Simon, Thomas. Democracy and social injustice: Law, politics and philosophy. New York: McGraw-Hill publishers, 1995. Print. Workler, Robert and Brian Gorsten. Rousseau, the age of enlightment and their legacies. New York: Oxford Publishers, 2012. Print.

Criticizing Coynes Theory Of Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Criticizing Coynes Theory Of Evolution - Essay Example In chapter one Coyne, presents his own understanding of evolution, stating the main misunderstanding of scientific approaches to evolution and the issue of theory based on creationist approach (Coyne, 2009). Though he presents evidence to support his idea, revolution he does not clearly explain the stages of evolution. Again, this theory has raised several controversies as many individuals reject the theory. America’s Discovery Institute resists the theory (Shubin, 2008). Coyne’s explanation of the theory does not cover all the areas such as climatic changes and how it affects the way organisms evolve over time. In my view, climatic changes should affect the way then organisms evolve. Religious movements on their own understanding reject the theory as they believe that God created the world on 6 days and has nothing to do with evolution. He, therefore, failed to convince the religious leaders. If he was sure of his work, Coyne would have been able to integrate evolution and religion for his ideas to be widely accepted (Shubin, 2008). The way he handles the Creationist approach is questionable and puts him in a total mess. To add to the controversy, Coyne considers man as the creator and says that the creator would not make organisms. In chapter two, he analyses the evidence to support his theory. He briefly gives an overview of the fossils as evidence of evolution (Coyne, 2009). He further gives the challenges undergone by paleontologists in a bid to get fossils, strengths, and weaknesses of fossil records and the role it plays to justify evolution. Despite the challenges to gather information and data, paleontologists have done great work to achieve the best. In contrast, these are presentations of evolutionary arguments and evidence but the issue that brings out questions is the failure to relate fossils evidence and creationist approach.

Three Summries of three Articles about Husky Energy Inc Essay

Three Summries of three Articles about Husky Energy Inc - Essay Example Despite unpredictable interruptions in Ohio refinery reducing the production rates, Husky net income rose at an average of $50 million from previous year. Exploration of new oil fields has enabled Husky Inc Company to invest in the transportation sector in order to boost efficiency to the market. For instance, the company has deployed Canadian knowledge to maximize shipping of oil and gases from the Southern China to the potential markets. These measures are intended to upstage the market operations of the competitors. Due to intensive production and accessibility to world leading energy markets, Husky is worth $6.5 billion. Partnership with CNOOC Ltd in China has enabled the company operate both swallow water transportation and gas terminal facilities thus making its production techniques competitive. CNOOC is also the primary customers of Husky. Husky energy plans to lower the 2015 budget by one third of the 2014 budget. These changes are entitled to compensate weak prices as well as the spending spree on the ongoing projects in Liwan and Southern China. The financial capacity of Husky’s Oil Company will enable it weatherproof any market conditions in order to withstand competitions from Calgary as the primary competitor. The production operations in Western Canada is streamed by 42% while the oil fields in Atlantic regions by

Influence Of Globalisation On Hotel Design Cultural Studies Essay

Influence Of Globalisation On Hotel Design Cultural Studies Essay They are influenced silently and experienced beautifully, where did it started and how did it come about? This essay is about the influence caused by globalisation towards hotel designs and hotels. It will focus on how Europeans have influenced hotels in Singapore in the 19th century and the impact it had made in the 21st century. This will lead to the conclusion on what makes each hotel special. Is it the history? Or, is it the experience? 2. Emergence of boutique hotels and luxury hotels. Since the emergence of the first hotel in Fourth of July 1793, The Union Public Hotel (fig.1.0) in Washington D.C., America, it has influenced businessmen to establish more hotels to cater to the increasing amount of travellers. One of the causes of the influences was the feedbacks received from guests whom experienced their stays in hotels. The feedbacks and competitions between hotel developers have lead to better and more comfortable hotels. Demand for hotels has caused hotel developers just to create a comfortable and convenient environment within the hotel interior space. Since the emergence of the first luxury hotel till the 21st century all the hotels have no uniqueness since there were no importance given to create a unique feel, ambience and experience within the hotels. While the herd of sheep continue moving towards one directions competing among themselves with no other competitions, two other sheep in the herd decided to leave the herd to venture out to explore and discover. Two businessmen, Ian Schrager and Steve Rubell, started The Hotel Morgans (fig.2.0) on Madison Avenue, Manhattan, America. It looked fairly strange and unique, and was nothing like Oriental or Hilton hotels, which had a domineering presence in the hotel industry. The boutique style was invented in 1984 by Steve Rubell and Ian Scharager, It was Rubell who came up with the word boutique hotel. He described the new business venture as being similar to a boutique, rather than a department store. The idea of boutique hotel ventured out of America to Europe. The first European boutique hotel was 42 The Calls (fig.3.0, 3.1) situated in Leeds, London, England. It was made from an old corn mill. The hotel still retains the old machines which were used, and still has some features of its history, such as the handmade beds, which gives this hotel its uniqueness. 2.1 The influence caused by luxury hotels in Europe to luxury hotels in Singapore. In 1827 John Francis a tavern keeper was the first to cater to wayfarers in need of temporary accommodations in Singapore. This was eight years after Sir Stamford Raffles founded Singapore. Other entrepreneurs soon followed to compete with him as business was good due to its strategically placed geographical location; Singapore was a convenient port of call for travellers, merchants, missionaries, sailors, adventurers and explorers. By the early 1840s Singapore had 6 hotels, The Ship Hotel, London Hotel, British Hotel, Commercial Hotel, Hotel de Paris and Hamburg Hotel, all looking the same and differing only in services offered. Improvements in transportation were beginning to shrink distances and enable more people to circumnavigate the globe. As demand increased for more supply and better services it resulted in more luxury hotels. In 1887, Raffles Hotel (fig.4.0 and fig.4.1) opened its doors targeting the travellers venturing east as well as expatriates living and working in the Straits Settlements. The Raffles Hotel design was influenced by European and American hotels and design. It wanted to set a standard in creating a first class hotel (fig.4.2 and fig.4.3) as was said by the Sarkies Brothers, owners themselves, in their own words, A Really First Class Hotel. The hotel was designed with architectural embellishment, stupendous Carrara Marble-paved dining room, culinary creativity and it offered attentive service. Raffles offered unparallel luxury. The Armenian Sarkies Brothers, founders and proprietors, were still evolving the alluring blend of European comforts and tropical concessions that we now think of distinctively Raffles. The Raffles Hotel was a symbol of colonialism for the Europeans during the colonial era. The Raffles Hotel went through a refurbishment process for 2 years and was reopened in 1991 to the public with an updated style still retaining the former elegance of the hotel in the 19th century. The Raffles Hotel being influenced by the European design and offering attentive services, could be the stepping stone for the emergence of boutique hotels in Singapore, such as The New Majestic Hotel (fig.5), The Scarlet Hotel (fig.6) and The Gallery Hotel (fig.7). 2.2 Case Studies The first luxury boutique hotel in Singapore was built in December 2004: The Scarlet Hotel, located in Chinatowns, Ann Siang Road. The Scarlet is an 80 room establishment which was built from a row of conserved shop houses, now designed with stylish contemporary design. The Scarlet has five well designed themed suites, whose names are Splendour, Passion, Opulent, Lavish and Swank. Each of these five suites was designed with a user in mind. The interiors of the five rooms were treated and finished differently based on the theme of each room. They also have different amenities. Taking The Passion Suite has an example; The Passion Suit was specially designed for honeymooners. It has a seductive interior finishing. The seductive environment in the suite was achieved by lowering the height of the ceiling to create an air of intimacy and finishing the interior with burgundy, fuchsia, silver and black. The Passion Suite has its own private Jacuzzi too. To enhance the experience of staying i n The Scarlet, special services such as the ordering of replicas of suites and rooms furnishings are offered. The Flair, a gift shop located in The Scarlet has gifts from all over the world which are rare to be found in Singapore itself. The New Majestic Hotel was built in 1928, also in Chinatown, and it is the first collaboratively designed hotel by various emerging Singaporean artists. It has a total of 30 rooms individually designed by various artists and designers. The hotels in the ceiling of the New Majestic hotel give a unique experience while the guests are dining, allowing them to look up the ceiling into the swimming or at the swimmers who swim by. New Majestic has a vast collection of vintage chairs in the gleaming terrazzo lobby. The Gallery Hotel is situated in Robertson Quay along Singapore River. It has a total of 223 art themed rooms. Each room has its own characteristics and ambience. The design for this rooms were chosen from the Creative Youth Xchange Competiton held in Singapore by Gallery Hotel and Creative Industries Singapore.There are total of 19 Creative Youth Xchange rooms in this hotels and they were based on the theme Five walls, Defying Definitions. Every CYX Boutique room and suite expresses its designers unique interpretation of space. One of its uniqueness is the one of a kind glass sided cantilevered swimming pool (fig7.1). The three boutique hotels, The Scarlet Hotel, New Majestic Hotel and The Gallery Hotel are different in terms of the experience, theme and design. The Scarlet is designed targeting a certain group of people, considering the user of the space in mind. New Majestic is designed to create a totally different environment with different design language and experience derived from the designers own theme and concept. While the Gallery hotel is designed with a common theme for its rooms but by different designers with different ideas and interpretation of space. Facilities such as swimming pool or wading pool are also designed to deliver different experiences while using them. The Holes in the ceiling of New Majestic creating view into the pool from dining area, the cantilevered pool of Gallery Hotel and the private Jacuzzis of The Scarlet gives a total different experience from one another. The only similarity is all three hotels are designed to create an experience of their own. 2.3 The Den Hotel Redesigning and transforming a conserved Victorian style Bungalow house (fig.8.0) at Chinatowns Club Street, founded in 1891 by a Peranakan millionaire into a Boutique Hotel is influenced by the three case studies and The Raffles Hotel. Taking the context of the site into consideration, the name and the design of the site were derived from the historic significant of the site. In the 19th century the Chinese immigrants from China came to Singapore in search for jobs to support their family, who are back in China. When they arrived in Singapore from China they brought along opium to smoke. Opium was consumed for relaxation purposes after a day of hard work. They settled down in Chinatown which is near to their working place located at the Singapore River. Chinatown was well known for opium smoking. After a long thought process and research done, I derived to my concept Intensity. My objective is to create intense spaces in my hotel. The Hotel has a total of nine rooms including singles and doubles, and a dormitory, which can accommodate six individuals. The rooms of The Den Hotel are known as The Private Dens while the Dormitory is known as The Casual Den. The bar in the hotel is known as The Heart of The Den. Upon arrival to The Den Hotel, the guests will be warmly welcomed by the interior form of the hotel. The interior walls are all angled in various directions creating spaces which are narrow and open. The lowering of the ceiling and the increasing of height of the floorings plays an important role in making the space intense. As the guests walk through the spaces to the rooms, they can feel that they are in a intimate and private space as the warm lighting of the spaces are continued throughout the interior, not putting them under the spot light. As for the rooms, they are pure in terms of finishing and intensity in the room are subtle, so as to create a comfortable and relaxed environment. The rooms have various experiences, the placement of windows in unconventional knee level and the experience of sleeping on a suspended bed from the ceiling. The bar has an extension to the back with two private lounges for guests, which is cantilevered off the building. To balance up the level of intensity in The Den Hotel, there is a triple volume space with sky light shining all the way down to the lobby. The use of ceiling height to design, creating experiences in spaces and having cantilevered elements were ideas influenced by the case studies. 3. Conclusion-The Influence, and the Creation of the Experience. In conclusion, since the arrival of Sir Stamford Raffles to Singapore, the globalisation of European style and culture has influenced Singapore. The Hotel de LEurope established in 1857 as reincarnation of one of the six hotels mentioned earlier, The London Hotel, was designed by George Drumgoole Coleman, an architect who was also responsible for many of Singapores finest early building, was the only rival of The Raffles Hotel. Being influenced by the European design and looking similar to the design of Hotel de LEurope, The Raffles Hotel went one step ahead to offer highly attentive service and greater comfort. This gave the edge to The Raffles Hotels to last till now, and becoming one of the best hotels in the world. The owners of The Scarlet taking another step to offer special services and unique experiences could be inspired or influenced by The Raffles Hotel akin to the way The Raffles Hotel was influenced by the Europeans. The globalisation of opium smoking brought in by the Chinese immigrants in the 19th century has influenced the concept of The Den Hotel. What makes The Den Hotel special is that the identity of opium is not literally translated into visuals, but through rationalisations and a long thinking process the concept of Intensity has concealed the identity of opium. The intensity when smoking opium can be experienced in the spaces but not seen. Each hotel has its own strength, the strength of The Raffles Hotel could be its rich history or its highly rated attentive services, and for The Den Hotel is the beautifully concealed identity of opium being experienced in the spaces while walking through it, and dining out at the cantilevered bar with a void in the centre. The Raffles Hotel, its influence can be visually seen and beautifully experienced with luxury, The Den Hotel, silently influenced and beautifully experienced. List of References Liu, Gretchen, Raffles Hotel, [2006], Editions Didier Miller Pte Ltd, Singapore. Strausz, Sandaval, .K.A., Hotel: An American History, L.E.G.O.SpA, Italy Tan, Adrianna, Singaporechic, Hotels, Restaurants, Shops, Bars, [2006], Editions Didier Miller Pte Ltd, Singapore.

Movie - Philadelphia :: essays research papers

In the movie Philadelphia a lawyer named Joe miller takes a heroic journey. His journey is taking a case dealing with an Aids patience that is working in a distinguished law firm . Andrew Beckon is wrongfully accused of losing an important document regarding an important cort case. To make the call of this hero more interesting, he has a personal problem with homosexual behaver . Also , he has to deal with society ‘s mindset on gays. Joe turns down the call at first, but then receives it after realizing that, Andrew Beckon has no one else. Next, in the hero’s journey Joe goes though the "jumping off point" of his journey. He is interfaced between the know, that Andrew Becker was fired from his job at the law firm. Also, The unknown why was he fired from a well-known law firm after being called " One Of the best", by the head director. Joe Miller is faced with finding the facts, mainly about why was this "promising" lawyer without a job? Was the firing of Andrew Beckon because he was an active homosexual with Aids? This being one of the biggest struggles taken by this hero? Now, In this case Joe faces many challenges. One: being how people really feel about homosexuals. The second: proving to the journey that sex preference does not hold an individual working ability . The Third challenge, being up against highly trained layers being accused of firing aid patience. The forth challenge dealing with, finding out why Andrew was really fired. Though the Joe’s whole journey there are two helpers. One Andrew Beckon himself , is aware of what other law firms reactions are to aids patience working for them. The other being Joe’s wife making him aware of whom in their family is homosexual. With both of them influencing this hero, Joe is shown that some things are really are an important risk.He is just learnig that not everyone thinks his way( Man and woman). Now at this point in the movie Philadelphia Joe ungues the abyss. He is faced with the greatest challenge of his whole journey. Can he win this case before Andrew passes on? Also, do homosexuals really make people more or less of a person? He cannot take any more challenges until he looks though himself to find the answers to defend Andrew. Joe Miller encounters a drastic change in the way he thinks and views about homosexuals; after going though the case. In the beginnings of his quest Joe is afraid to even touch Andrew. Now he is like a brother to him, part of the family in a sense. He now seems to look at homosexuals in a

Customer Satisfaction of Hero Motocorp

PART 1 TOPICS * INDUSTRY OF AUTOMOBILE * HISTORY OF BIKE ————————————————- THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY INDUSTRY PROFILE INTRODUCTION Industry Profile The market of two wheelers is very wide and because of technology, new products (two- wheeler) with new features are introduced day by day. The level of competition is also very high in two wheeler market. So, because of this competition the companies have to invest much more in research area for survival and success. The invention of the first two-wheeler is a much-discussable issue. â€Å"WHO invented the first motorcycle? this seems like a simple question, but the answer is quite complicated. Two-wheelers originated from the â€Å"safety† bicycle that is the bicycles with front and rear wheels of the same size with a pedal crank mechanism to drive the rear wheel. Those bicycles, in turn origin fr om high-wheel bicycles. The high-wheelers origin from an early type of pushbike, without pedals, propelled by the rider's feet pushing against the ground. These appeared around 1800, used iron-banded wagon wheels, and were called â€Å"bone-crushers,† both for their jarring ride, and their tendency to toss their riders The First MotorcycleWe are going to begin by looking at the first bikes. They didn’t work very well and they were not very fast but moved with being drawn by a horse or being pedalled. When you look at a motorcycle today, have you ever thought what the old bikes were like? Were they easy to ride? How fast did they go? Were they comfortable? To answer all these questions, we have got to go quite a long way back say about 100 years. The world was very different in those days and there must have been a feeling of great excitement.There was a great interest in science and engineering and almost every week, some fantastic new invention appeared. First there w ere gaslights and then electricity and new cures for many kinds of illnesses were always being announced this was period when people started thinking about how to travel quickly and safely. Before cars and bikes, the quickest mode of travelling was steam trains. And if there was a near to where you wanted to go then the next best thing was a stagecoach or paddle streamer. No one, except the very rich, could get from their own house to where they were going very quickly.Then in 1885, a German called Gottlieb Daimler made a small engine, which ran on a kind of petrol. It wasn’t a very good engine but it just worked. Daimler fitted the engine to a cycle type frame, which exactly had one wheel at the front and two wheels at the rear. In the following year, another German, Wilhelm Maybach rode the Daimler bike for a few meters- something which everyone thought was very brave. At last, a way of moving people directly from one place to another had been invented. Not everybody though t that this was a good idea.In England there was a law, which said that no vehicle powered by an engine could go faster than 4mph which is about as fast a s you walk. Many of the people were afraid and urged that the bike should be banned. But in 1896 an act was passed that bikes can travel 12mph speed-, which is considered to be a fantastic speed. At the same time, a French engineer called De Dion made the first real good engine for motorcycle and soon everyone was having a try at making complete machine. And this was the turning point where bike started getting its actual look many ideas poured in and were given shapes also.The Cardiovascular SystemThe British Bikes: Today we won’t see many British bikes on the road but most of the older bikes were make in Great Britain, which had its name and fame. Now we see very few of British Bikes. What went wrong? In 1900, bikes were not very good. They were hard to start, they had poor brakes and did not have much power but everyone thought they were marvellous. For the first time, person could have his own individual way of getting about. He had personal transport, which he could use the moment he wanted to. Above all else, these first motorcyclists felt the sense of freedom, which a bike gave them.The motorcycle manufacturers felt the same excitement. New designs appeared almost every day. Some were excellent and others silly but each factory learnt from others and bikes got better and better in just a few years. Then the First World War came in 1914, and the whole world changed. Bikes made in this first period, from 1885 until the end of 1914 are called veterans and the riders who are reliving how the first motorcyclists rode are still using many today. When the war came, the bikes went with the army. The fastest way to carry an urgent message was to send through a good rider on a bike.Here again a bike had a turning point and during this period bikes got opportunity to claim its stake in the market. It was considered to be best mode of travelling from remote area to urban and from plains to rough terrain. Where a horse rider could not think of moving, their bikes were able to do so. Moreover, a horse rider and horse would take rest after certain interval of travelling, the bikes did not require since it was machine. The History of the automobile actually began about 4,000 years ago when the first wheel was used for transportation in India.Several Italians recorded designs for wind-driven vehicles. The first was Guido da Vigevano in 1335. It was a windmill-type drive to gears and thus to wheels. Vaturio designed a similar vehicle that was also never built. Later Leonardo da Vinci designed clockwork-driven tricycle with tiller steering and a differential mechanism between the rear wheels. In the early 15th century, the Portuguese arrived in China and the interaction of two cultures led to a variety of new technologies, including the creation of a wheel that turned under its own power.By the 1600s, small steam-powered engine models were developed, but it was another century before a full-sized engine-powered vehicle was created. A Catholic priest named Father Ferdinan Verbiest is credited to have built a steam-powered vehicle for the Chinese Emperor Chien Lung in about 1678. There is no information about the vehicle, only the event. Since James Watt didn’t invent the steam engine until 1705, we can guess that this was possibly a model vehicle powered by a mechanism like Hero’s steam engine-a-spinning wheel with jets on the periphery.Although by the mid-15th century the idea of a self-propelled vehicle had been put into practice with the development of experimental vehicles powered by means of springs, clockworks, and the wind, Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot of France is considered to have built the first true automobile in 1769. Designed by Cugnot and constructed by M. Brezin, it is also the first vehicle to move under its own power for which there is a record . Cugnot’s three-wheeled steam-powered vehicle carried four persons and was meant to move artillery pieces.It had a top speed of a little more than 3. 2 km/h (2 mph) and had to stop every 20 minutes to build up a fresh steam. Evans was the first American who obtained a patent for â€Å"a self-propelled carriage. † He, in fact, attempted to create a two-in-one combination of a steam wagon and a flat-bottomed boat, which didn’t receive any attention in those days. During the 1830’s, the steam vehicle had made great advances. But stiff competition from railway companies and crude legislations in Britain forced the poor steam vehicle gradually out of use on roads.Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler, both Germans, share the credit of changing the transport habits of the world, for their efforts laid the foundation of the great motor industry, as we know it today. First, Carl Benz invented the petrol engine in 1885 and a year later Daimler made a car driven by motor of his own design and the rest is history. Daimler’s engine proved to be a great success mainly because of its less weight that could deliver 1000rpm and needed only very small and light vehicles to carry them.France too had joined the motoring scenario by 1890 when two Frenchmen Panhard and Levassor began producing vehicles powered by Daimler engine, and Daimler himself, possessed by the automobile spirit, went on adding new features to his engine. He built the first V-Twin engine with a glowing platinum tube to explode the cylinder gas-the very earliest form of sparking plug. Charles Duryea built a motor carriage in America with petrol engine in 1892, followed by Elwood Haynes in 1894, thus paving the way for motorcars in that country.For many years after the introduction of automobiles, three kinds of power sources were in common use: steam engines, gasoline or petrol engines, and electric motors. In 1900, over 2,300 automobiles were registered in New York, Boston, Massac husetts, and Chicago. Of these, 1,170 were steam cars, 800 were electric cars, and only 400 were gasoline cars. In ten years from the invention of the petrol engine, the motorcar had evolved itself into amazing designs and shapes. By 1898, there were 50 automobile-manufacturing companies in the United States, a number that rose to 241 by 1908.In that year, Henry Ford revolutionized the manufacture of automobiles with his assembly-line style of production and brought out the Model T, a car that was inexpensive, versatile, and easy to maintain. Herbert Austin and William Morris, two different carmakers, introduced mass production methods of assembly in the UK, thus paving the way for a revolution in the automobile industry. Austin Seven was the world’s first practical four-seater ‘baby car’ which brought the pleasures of motoring to many thousands of people who could not buy a larger, more expensive car.Even the ‘bull-nose’ Morris with front mounted en gine became the well-loved model and one of the most popular cars in the 1920s. Automobile manufacturers in the 1930s and 1940s refined and improved on the principles of Ford and other pioneers. Cars were generally large, and many were still extremely expensive and luxurious; many of the most collectible cars date from this time. The increased affluence of the United States after World War II led to the development of large, petrol-consuming vehicles, while most companies in Europe made smaller, more fuel-efficient cars.Edward Butler, an Englishman, built the first motor tricycle in 1884. The first gasoline-engine motorcycle to appear publicly was built by Gottlieb Daimler, of Bad Cannstatt, Germany, in 1885. Gottlieb Daimler, who later teamed up with Karl Benz to form the Daimler-Benz Corporation is credited with building the first motorcycle in 1885, one wheel in the front and one in the back, although it had a smaller spring-loaded outrigger wheel on each side. It was constructed mostly of wood, the wheels were of the iron-banded wooden-spokes wagon-type, and it definitely had a â€Å"bone-crusher† chassis!This two-wheeler was powered by a single-cylinder Otto-cycle engine, and may have had a spray-type carburetor. One of this type of machine was demonstrated at fairs and circuses in the eastern US in 1867. The first practical engines and motorcycles were designed by the French and Belgians, followed by British, German, Italian, and American makers. The popularity of the vehicle increased, especially after 1910. During World War FIRST the motorcycle was used by all branches of the armed forces in Europe, principally for dispatching. After the war it enjoyed a sport craze until the Great Depression began in 1929.After World War II motorcycles are being used for high-speed touring and sport competitions. During the 1950s with the help of Western Europe and parts of the United States, the development of a new type of vehicle that is light weighted motor cycle is become possible, later on it is known as moped. The first moped Originating in Germany as a 50-cubic-centimetre machine with simple controls and low initial cost, it was largely free of licensing and insurance regulations except in Great Britain. The more sophisticated motor scooter originated in Italy after World War II, led by manufacture of a 125-cubic-centimetre model.Even with strong competition from West Germany, France, Austria, and Britain, the Italian scooters maintained the leading position in the diminishing market India is the second largest manufacturer and producer of two-wheelers in the world. It stands next only to Japan and China in terms of the number of two-wheelers produced and domestic sales respectively. This distinction was achieved due to variety of reasons like restrictive policy followed by the Government of India towards the passenger car industry, rising demand for personal transport, inefficiency in the public transportation system etc.The India n two-wheeler industry made a small beginning in the early 50s when Automobile Products of India started manufacturing scooters in the country. In 1948, Bajaj Auto began trading in imported Vespa scooters and three-wheelers. Finally, in 1960, it set up a shop to manufacture them in technical collaboration with Piaggio of Italy. The agreement expired in 1971. In the initial stages, the scooter segment was dominated by Automobile Products of India (API), it was later overtaken by Bajaj Auto.Although various government and private enterprises entered the fray for scooters, the only new player that has lasted till today is LML. Under the regulated regime, foreign companies were not allowed to operate in India. It was a complete seller market with the waiting period for getting a scooter from Bajaj Auto being as high as 12 years. Because of government regulation, foreign companies were not allowed to operate in Indian market. It was a complete seller market with the waiting period for ge tting a scooter from Bajaj Auto being as high as 12 years.The first Japanese motorcycles were introduced in the early eighties. TVS Suzuki and HERO MOTOCORP brought in the first two-stroke and four-stroke engine motorcycles respectively. The industry had a smooth ride in the 50s, 60s and 70s when the Government prohibited new entries and strictly controlled capacity expansion. The industry saw a sudden growth in the 80s. The two-wheeler market was opened to foreign competition in the mid-80s. And then the market leaders – Escorts and Enfield – were caught unaware by the attack of the 100cc bikes of the four Indo-Japanese joint ventures.With the new feature of fuel efficient low power bikes, demand swelled, resulting in HERO MOTOCORP – then the only producer of four stroke bikes (100cc category), gaining a top slot. The entry of Kinetic Honda in mid-eighties with a barometric scooter helped in providing ease of use to the scooter owners. This helped in inducing y oungsters and working women, towards buying scooters, who were earlier inclined towards moped purchases In 1990, the entire automobile industry saw a drastic fall in demand. This resulted in a decline of 15% in 1991 and 8% in 1992, resulting in a production loss of 0. mn vehicles. Excluding HERO MOTOCORP, all the major producers suffered from recession. HERO MOTOCORP showed a marginal decline in 1992. The reasons for recession in the sector were the constant rise in fuel prices, high input costs and reduced purchasing power due to significant rise in general price level and credit crisis in consumer financing. Factors like increased production in 1992, due to new entrants joined with the recession in the industry resulted in companies either reporting losses or a fall in profits. Competitors of Two-Wheelers industriesHonda| Bajaj| HERO MOTOCORP| Kandaa | Kinetic| LML | Royal Enfield| Suzuki| TVS| Yamaha| Activa| Wave Dtsi| Pleasure | Thunder 100| Kineticx| Crd 100 Sd| Std| Heat| Sco oty Pep| Crux S| Dio| CT 100| CD deluxe| | 4s| Freedom Topper | Machismo| Zeus| Star std| Libero G5| Eterno| Platina| Splendor plus ; pro | | Nova| Freedom prima| Electra| Access| Star city| Gladiator | Shine| Discover| Splendor NXG| | Striker| Beamer| Thunderbold| Sling shot| Victor Edge | Ray| Unicorn| Pulsar| Passion pro ; Xpro| | Blaze| | 500 Ex| GS 150| Victor Glx 125| R15| Stunner| Avenger| Super splendor| | | | | | Apache | FZ| Twister| | Achiever| | | | | | Wego| Fazer|Dream Yuga| | Karizma ; ZMR| | | | | | | RX 125| CBR| | CBZ| | | | | | | YBR| | | Extreme| | | | | | | | | | Hunk| | | | | | | | | | Impulse| | | | | | | | | | Igniter| | | | | | | | | | Maestro| | | | | | | | TWO WHEELERS PRODUCTION TREND| Category| 2007-08 | 2008-09| 2009-10| 2010-11| 2011-12| Scooters| 937506| 848434| 935279| 987498| 1020013| Motorcycles| 2906323| 3876175| 4355168| 5193894| 6201214| Mopeds| 427498| 351612| 332294| 348437| 379574| Grand Total| 4271327| 5076221| 5622741| 6529829| 7600801| TWO WHEELERS DOMESTIC SALES TREND| Category| 2007-08 | 2008-09| 2009-10| 2010-11| 2011-12| Scooters| 908268| 825648| 886295| 922428| 908159|Motorcycles| 2887194| 3647493| 4170445| 4964753| 5815417| Mopeds| 408263| 338985| 307509| 322584| 332741| Grand Total| 4203725| 4812126| 5364249| 6209765| 7056317| TWO WHEELERS EXPORTS TREND| Category| 2007-08 | 2008-09| 2009-10| 2010-11| 2011-12| Scooters| 28332| 32566| 53687| 60699| 83873| Motorcycles| 56880| 123725| 187287| 277123| 386202| Mopeds| 18971| 23391| 24078| 28585| 43181| Grand Total| 104183| 179682| 265052| 366407| 513256| Source: www. autoindia. com/twowheeler 1. 1. 1 Growth of the Industry Today the growth rate of motorcycle industry is very high as compared to few years back. Two wheeler segment as a whole during the year 2004-05 grew by over 15%.This growth has been due to the Government's initiative on rural roads and better connectivity with major towns and cities, improved agricultural performance, upward trend of purchasing po wer in the hands of rural people. The northward trend of growth among two-wheelers is set to continue in the years ahead. Motorcycles Sales (Nos. ): 2007-08 | 2008-09| 2009-10| 2010-11| 2011-12| 2906323| 3876175| 4355168| 5193894| 6201214| Motorcycles account for nearly 80% of the total two wheeler sales in the country. This trend is set to continue as more and more models of two wheelers enter the market. The figures above show the sales of motor cycles over the years. ———————————————— HISTORY OF BIKE Throughout the centuries man has striven to expand his capabilities through the use of machines. His ever inventive mind has constantly devised ways to use tools to increase his abilities to explore the world around him, to go faster, deeper, higher and further than before. Coupled with his need to find new thrills, new adventures and new modes of transportation, the inventi on and refinement of the motorcycle seems an inevitable outcome. For me, the early years of the development of the motorcycle are especially fascinating as they hold of some of mans most bizarre experimental machinery.Before we get started on the history of the motorcycle itself, I feel a short review of it's predecessor, namely the bicycle, is in order, an invention without which the motor bicycle, as they were first called, may well have never come about. It would seem that Michelangelo conceived of the bicycle as early as the 14th century and his drawing shows a remarkable resemblance to the modern day bike. It had wheels of similar size and even pedals and a leather â€Å"chain†, albeit without any apparent means of steering. The first attempt at actually producing any sort of 2 wheeled conveyance fell on the shoulders of one Comte de Sivrac in the late 1791, though hardy a bicycle as we understand the meaning today. It was crude affair made entirely of wood with no pedal s, brakes or even steering.This early machine was referred to as a hobbyhorse and was considered nothing more than a curiosity or rich mans folly, an attitude that remained for a number of years, until the late 1800's. A person simply sat upon it and pushed it along with their feet in a sort of gliding walk. Then in 1869 some inventive person named William van Anden in New York added pedals directly to the front wheel, now at last we approach what can be called by modern terms, a bicycle. It also had free-wheeling pedals that allowed the wheel to turn while the pedals remained stationary and had a friction brake on the rear wheel operated by twisting one of the hand grips. Oddly enough these innovations did not appear on many other machines for quite some time. quickly became apparent however that the only way to increase speed or distance traveled per rotation of the pedals was to increase the size of the front wheel, leading to what became known as the High Wheeler. Unfortunately because of the high center of gravity and forward position of the rider, not only was some skill required to mount and dismount this contraption, but should the front wheel suddenly stop, the rider was thrown forward on his head, thus giving rise to the term â€Å"Taking a Header†. To overcome this difficulty, the small wheel was moved to the front giving rise to the High Wheeled â€Å"Safety† bicycle. Because of the difficulty in riding a high wheeler with the style of skirts worn by women at the turn of the century they were mostly confined to three wheelers specifically designed with them in mind.Now that we've looked at the precursor to the motorcycle lets turn our attention to the first motor bicycles. Curiously enough the first attempts to motorize a two wheeled vehicle were made before the high wheeler had been replaced by the modern safety bicycle, thus explaining why the first motor bicycles had a much larger front wheel, with one exception. In 1818 an attempt was made to fit a steam engine to a Drasiane hobbyhorse (see above) which had two similar sized wheels. This however, did not succeed in capturing a market, as can well be imagined when looking at the picture below of the Vocipedraisiavaporianna, and I therefore only mention it in passingThis curious contraction was supposedly built in 1818 and is shown in this French print under testing in the Luxembourg Gardens in Paris on April 5 of that year, thou actually invented in Germany. This print is from the collection of the Science Museum in London. It was a Drasine hobby horse being powered by a steam turbine engine in both front and rear wheels. It would appear to be somewhat top heavy, and never made it into production, which is probably just as well! American, Sylvester Howard Roper (1823-1896) invented a two-cylinder, steam-engine motorcycle (powered by coal) in 1867. This can be considered the first motorcycle, if you allow your description of a motorcycle to include a steam eng ine. Howard Roper also invented a steam engine car.Gottlieb Daimler – First Gas Engine Motorcycle German, Gottlieb Daimler invented the first gas-engine motorcycle in 1885, which was an engine attached to a wooden bike. That marked the moment in history when the dual development of a viable gas-powered engine and the modern bicycle collided. Gottlieb Daimler used a new engine invented by engineer, Nicolas Otto. Otto invented the first â€Å"Four-Stroke Internal-Combustion Engine† in 1876. He called it the â€Å"Otto Cycle Engine† As soon as he completed his engine, Daimler (a former Otto employee) built it into a motorcycle. 1877 Daimler-Maybach, France This is reputed to be the first version of Mr. G. Daimler motor bicycle.This again is from a French site and the best translation I could come up with for the caption is quoted below. â€Å"IT had a limited autonomy, but accomplishes anyway traverses it Paris to German Saint (15 Km) to the speed of 15km/h. The t ricycles to vapor of Meek in 1877, 1881 The Parkyns-Bateman Steam Tricycle. England 1885 The Daimler, Europe 1892 The five cylinder Millet, France 1894 Hilderbrand and Wolfmuller, France 1898 Orient-Aster, USA 1903FN (Fabrique Nationale) 188 cc, 2 hp engine Harley Davidson Model 7, 1911 Harley Davidson Model 11J w sidecar, 1915 Indian Board racer, 1920 PART 2 TOPICS ABOUT COMPANY HERO MOTOCORP ————————————————- CORPORATION PROFILEHERO MOTOCORP two wheelers have been on Indian roads since 1984 when Hero Cycles Ltd. tied up with Honda Motor Company to start a joint venture. Today, HERO MOTOCORP is taken to be the world's largest two-wheeler manufacturer. The HERO MOTOCORP story began with a simple vision – the vision of a mobile and an empowered India, powered by HERO MOTOCORP. This vision was driven by HERO MOTOCORP’s commitment to customer, quality and excell ence, and while doing so, maintains the highest standards of ethics and societal responsibilities. Twenty five years and 25 million two wheelers later, HERO MOTOCORP is closer to fulfilling this dream. This vision is the driving force behind everything that we do at HERO MOTOCORP.We understood that the fastest way to turn that dream into a reality is by remaining focused on that vision. Over the course of two and a half decades, and three successive joint venture agreements later, both partners have fine-tuned and perfected their roles as joint venture partners. What the two partners did was something quite basic. They simply stuck to their respective strengths. As one of the world's technology leaders in the automotive sector, Honda has been able to consistently provide technical know-how, design specifications and R&D innovations. This has lead to the development of world class, value for money motorcycles and scooters for the Indian market.Hero Group has taken on the singular and onerous responsibility of creating world-class manufacturing facilities with robust processes, building the supply chain, setting up an extensive distribution networks and providing insights into the mind of the Indian customer. Since both partners continue to focus on their respective strengths, they have been able to complement each other. In the process, HERO MOTOCORP is recognized today as one of the most successful joint ventures in the world. It is therefore no surprise that there are more HERO MOTOCORP bikes on this country's roads than the total population of some European countries put together! The company's meteoric growth in the two-wheeler market in India stems from an intrinsic ability to reach out and come closer to its customers, with every passing year.HERO MOTOCORP's bikes are sold and serviced through a network of over 3500 customer touch points, comprising a mix of dealers, service centers and stockiest located across rural and urban India. HERO MOTOCORP has bui lt two world-class manufacturing facilities at Dharuhera and Gurgaon in Haryana, and its third and most sophisticated plant at Haridwar has just completed a full year of operations. It is difficult to imagine that all this has happened in the span of just two and a half decades! The best is yet to come. During the year in review, HERO MOTOCORP powered its way in a market that, for all practical purposes, was feeling the full effects of the economic slowdown in India. With an economic recovery now clearly on the cards, HERO MOTOCORP is all set to ride into another summit.As Brijmohan Lall Munjal, the Chairman, HERO MOTOCORP Motors succinctly puts it, â€Å"We pioneered India's two wheeler industry, we've steered it through difficult times; now it is our responsibility to set the pace again. † ————————————————- HERO MOTOCORP MOTORS LTD HERO MOTOCORP Motors Ltd. is a r esult of the joint venture between India's Hero Group and Japanese Honda Motors Company in the year 1983. This joint venture has not only created the world's single largest two wheeler company but also one of the most successful joint ventures worldwide. HERO MOTOCORP is globally known of being the most fuel-efficient and the largest CBZ selling Indian Motorcycle Company.This is a relationship so harmonious that HERO MOTOCORP has managed to achieve indigenization of over 95 percent, a Honda record worldwide. The company is committed to provide the customer with excellence. A rich background of producing high value products at reasonable prices led the world's largest manufacturer of motorcycles to collaborate with the world's largest bicycle manufacturer. During 80s, HERO MOTOCORP became the first company in India to prove that it was possible to drive a vehicle without polluting the roads. They company possess three manufacturing units based at Dharuhera, Gurgaon and Haridwar are c apable to produce 4. 4 million units per year.They introduced new generation motorcycles that set industry benchmarks for fuel thrift and low emission. The unique features like fuel conservation, safety riding courses and mobile workshops helped the group reach in the interiors of the country. Well-entrenched in the domestic market, HERO MOTOCORP Motors Ltd. turned its attention overseas, and exports have been steadily on the rise. The below chart shows the golden years in the history of HERO MOTOCORP :- 1985| CD-100| 1989| SLEEK| 1991| CD-100 SS| 1994| Splendor| 1997| Street| 1999| CBZ| 2001| PASSION| 2002| DAWN, AMBITION| 2003| CD-DAWN, SPLENDOR +, PASSION +, KARIZMA| 2005| SUPER-SPLENDOR,CD-DELUX, GLAMOUR, ACHIEVER|Year Event 1984 * He Company was incorporated on 19th January, at New Delhi. The Company Manufacture motor cycles up to 100 cc capacity. The Company was promoted by Hero Cycles (P) Ltd. (HCPL). * The Company entered into a technical-cum-financial collaboration agreemen t with Honda Motor Co. Ltd. , Japan (HML). As per this collaboration agreement, HML was to furnish complete technical information and know-how and trade secrets and other relevant data. * HERO MOTOCORP CD-100 is the first four stroke motorcycle to be introduced in India in 100cc range. 1985 1986 * 36, 00,000 rights equity shares issued at par in prop. 3:10. 990 * In the domestic market the Company was reported to have a market share of 46%. 1994 * The Company's production and turnover increased to 1, 83,490 motorcycles and Rs. 483. 85 crores respectively due to growth in demand for two wheelers and declining inflation. 1995 * A new Technical Collaboration Agreement has been signed with Honda Motor Co. Ltd. , Japan for the period up to the year 2004 which includes technology related to models of higher Engine displacement. 1997 * HERO MOTOCORP Motors Ltd (HHML) has set up a new motorcycle plant in Gurgaon, near Delhi for the manufacture of the Honda Super Cub 100 cc stepthro bike 199 8 Honda Motor Company Ltd of Japan (Honda) and Kinetic Honda Motor Ltd (KHML) have signed a five-year licence and technical assistance agreement under which KHML will continue to receive the technical knowhow, critical vehicle parts and access to Honda's markets even after the sale of Honda stake in KHML to Kinetic Engineering Ltd (KEL). * The Company changed the paradigm in two-wheelers by launching the most powerful and fast bike- CBZ (e) with a unique feature of Transient Power Fuel Control (TPEC) system. 1999 * Leading two-wheelers manufacturer Hero Motors has formed a joint venture with Briggs Stratton of US to develop and manufacture four-stroke engines for mopeds and scooters in India, a top company. 2000 HERO MOTOCORP Motors Ltd. and Tata Finance Ltd. have signed a national tie-up agreement. The Company is the largest manufacturer of motorcycles in the country. * He Company was ranked as the 9th Highest Value Creator among 12 industry groups within the Bombay Stock Exchange top 100 companies over a five year period (1994-99). 2001 * HERO MOTOCORP Motors Ltd. has launched a new 100cc motorcycle named `Passion'. 2002 * Becomes the world's largest two wheeler company by selling 1. 3 million vehicles in 2001 2003 * Launches its cheapest 100cc motorbike ‘CD Dawn' * Bikes production capacity at two of its manufacturing facilities to three lakh units Achieves milestone by producing five million bikes from its Dharuhera plant in Haryana * Launches its new 223-cc, 16. 8 BHP Karizma at Rs 79,000 * The company has bagged two Total Customer Satisfaction (TCS) Awards. * HERO MOTOCORP Karizma bags BBC Bike of the Yr Award 2004 * HERO MOTOCORP unveils new version of Ambition * Hero Motors introduces ‘Sting' new 4-stroke bike 2005 * Two-wheeler major HERO MOTOCORP on October 5 announced launch of its first scooter ‘Pleasure' * HERO MOTOCORP rolls out 150-cc motorcycle Achiever 2006 * HERO MOTOCORP launches CBZ variant X-treme * HERO MOTOCORP announce d the launch of two new variants the new ‘Glamour' and * ‘Passion Plus' limited edition. 2009 HERO MOTOCORP motors launched new bike KARIZMA ZMR. Basic Organization Chart New Organization Chart ————————————————- BOARD OF DIRECTORS No. | Name of the Directors| Designation| 1| Mr. Brijmohan Lall Munjal| Chairman & Whole-timeDirector| 2| Mr. Pawan Munjal | Managing Director & CEO| 3| Mr. Toshiaki Nakagawa | Joint Managing Director| 4| Mr. Sumihisa Fukuda| Technical Director| 5| Mr. Om Prakash Munjal| Non-executive Director| 6| Mr. Sunil Kant Munjal| Non-executive Director| 7| Mr. Masahiro Takedagawa| Non-executive Director| 8| Mr. Satoshi Matsuzawa(Alternate Director to Mr. Takashi Nagai)| Non-executive Director| 9| Mr.Pradeep Dinodia | Non-executive ; Independent Director| 10| Gen. (Retd. ) V. P. Malik| Non-executive ; Independent Director| 11| Mr. Analjit Singh| Non-executive ; Independent Director| 12| Dr. Pritam Singh| Non-executive ; Independent Director| 13| Ms. Shobhana Bhartia| Non-executive ; Independent Director| 14. | Mr. Meleveetil Damodaran| Non-executive ; Independent Director| 15. | Mr. Ravi Nath| Non-executive ; Independent Director| ————————————————- PROFILE OF DIRECTORS | DR. BRIJMOHANLALL MUNJAL Mr. Munjal is the founder Director and Chairman of the Company and the $3. billion Hero Group. He is the Past President of Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) and was a Member of the Board of the Country's Central Bank (Reserve Bank of India). In recognition of his contribution to industry, Mr. Munjal was conferred the Padma Bhushan Award by the Union Government. Mr. Munjal is currently on the board of the following Public Limited Companies:Dr. Brijmohan Lall Munjal is currently on the board of the following Public Limited companies: No. | Name of Company| Nature of Office| 1| Hero MotoCorp. Ltd. | Chairman and Whole-time Director| 2| Hero FinCorp Ltd. | Chairman| | Easy Bill Limited| Director| 4| Hero InvestCorp Limited| Director| 5| Munjal Showa Limited| Director| 6| Rockman Industries Ltd. | Director| 7| Shivam Autotech Limited| Director| 8| Survam Infrastructure Ltd. | Director| | | MR. PAWAN MUNJAL | Mr. Munjal is the Managing Director and CEO of the Company. He is responsible for growth and strategic planning for the entire Group. A graduate in Mechanical Engineering, Mr. Munjal has been instrumental in bringing about technological and managerial excellence in the Company's operations. He has been the Chairman of several Committees of CII.He is also on the board of Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow and Indian School of Business. An avid golfer, Mr. Munjal is Past Chairman of the Asian PGA Tour Board of Directors and the Past President of Professional Golfers Association of India (PGAI). Under his guidance, Hero MotoCorp launched the Hero Indian Sports Academy (HISA) in collaboration with Laure us Foundation to provide equal opportunities in sports to various communities and to reward talent in the country. |   | | | | | Mr. Munjal is currently on the board of the following Public Limited Companies: No. | Name of Company| Nature of Office| 1| Hero MotoCorp Ltd. | Managing Director ; CEO| 2| Hero FinCorp Ltd. | Director| 3| Hero InvestCorp Limited| Director| | Hero Realty ; Infra Limited| Director| 5| Rockman Industries Limited| Director| MR. SUNIL KANT MUNJAL Mr. Munjal was appointed on the Board of Directors of the Company on August 25, 2006 as an Non Executive Director of the Company. After his graduation, he underwent training in the field of Mechanical Engineering. In the year 2011, he was appointed as the Jt. Managing Director of the Company effective August 17, 2011 for a period of 5 years. Mr. Munjal has also been the President of Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). He is also on the Board of Indian School of Business, Hyderabad and is the visiting faculty at various Business Schools and Corporate.His specialization is in Business Studies and Holistic Management Practices. Apart from the above he is a member of Prime Minister's Council on Trade and Industry, Consultative Group on Industry, Planning Commission, Government of India and SEBI Committee on Disclosures. He has made significant contributions to some of the National-level Economic and Labor reforms in India in the capacity of Chairman or as a member. |   | Mr. Munjal is currently on the board of the following Public Limited Companies: No. | Name of Company| Nature of Office| 1| Hero MotoCorp Ltd. | Jt. Managing Director| 2| Hero Corporate Services Limited| Chairman| 3| Hero Management Service Limited| Chairman| 4| Shivam Autotech Limited| Chairman| | Arrow Infra Limited| Director| 6| DCM Shriram Consolidated Limited| Director| 7| Easy Bill Limited| Director| 8| Hero InvestCorp Limited| Director| 9| Hero Life Insurance Co. Limited| Director| 10| Hero Mind mine Institute Limited| Director| 11| Hero Realty & Infra Limited| Director| 12| Rockman Industries Ltd. | Director| 13| Satyam Auto Components Limited| Director| MR. SUMAN KANT MUNJAL Mr. Munjal was appointed as an Additional Director on the Board of the Company on July 29, 2010. Mr. Munjal is the Managing Director of Rockman Industries Ltd. , one of the leading suppliers of Aluminum Die Casting, Machined and Painted Assemblies to Hero MotoCorp Ltd. Mr.Munjal, a graduate in Commerce, possesses rich experience and expertise in business management and thus has been instrumental in elevating Rockman Industries Ltd. to its current status. Mr. Munjal is currently on the board of the following Public Limited Companies: No. | Name of Company| Nature of Office| 1| Hero MotoCorp Ltd. | Director| 2| Rockman Industries Limited| Managing Director| 3| Hero Corporate Service Limited| Director| 4| Hero InvestCorp Limited| Director| 5| Hero Steels Limited| Director| 6| Munjal Acme Packaging Systems Limited| Director| 7| Survam Infrastructure Ltd. | Director| MR. PAUL EDGERLEY Mr. Edgerley was appointed as an Additional Director on the Board of the Company on May 4, 2011 in the category of Non-Executive Director. Mr.Edgerley has been a Managing Director at Bain Capital since 1990, a private investment firm with over $65 billion in assets under their management, where he focuses on investment in the industrial and consumer product sectors. He is currently on the board of The Boston Celtics, Keystone Automotive, Steel Dynamics, Sensate Technologies, MEI Conlux, HD Supply and Hero Investments Pvt. Limited. Mr. Edgerley is also a member of the Dean Advisory Board at Harvard Business School, Kansas State University Foundation, The Shamrock Foundation, serves on the US Board of The Right to Play and New Profit, Inc. He is a certified working p ublic accountant. He was also awarded an MBA with distinction from Harvard Business School and a BS from Kansas State University. He brings with him enriched experience in the field of finance and administration. Mr.Edgerley is currently on the Board of the following company : No. | Name of Company| Nature of Office| 1| Hero MotoCorp Ltd. | Director| MR. PRADEEP DINODIA Mr. Dinodia was appointed as an Additional Director on the Board of the Company on March 31, 2001 in the category of Non-Executive and Independent Director. Mr. Dinodia is a fellow member of The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and a senior partner in the Delhi-based Chartered Accountancy firm M/s. S. R. Dinodia & Company. He has considerable experience in corporate affairs and allied legal and taxation matters. Mr. Dinodia is on the board of the following Public Limited Companies: No. Name of Company| Nature of Office| 1| Hero MotoCorp Ltd. | Director| 2| Shriram Pistons & Rings Limited| Chairman| 3| DCM Shriram Consolidated Limited| Director| 4| DFM Foods Limited| Director| 5| Hero Corporate Services Limited| Director| 6| J. K. Lakshmi Cement Limited| Director| 7| Micrometric Grinding Technologies Limited| Director| 8| SPR International Auto Exports Limited| Director| 9| Ultima Finvest Limited| Director| GEN. (RETD. ) V. P. Malik Gen. Malik was appointed as an Additional Director on the Board of the Company on May 4, 2001 in the category of Non-Executive and Independent Director. Gen. Malik retired as Chief of the Indian Army in September, 2000.During his distinguished military career, he received number of awards including the Ati Vishista Seva Medal (AVSM) and the Param Vishishta Seva Medal (PVSM) – the highest National award for distinguished services. Gen. Malik is on the board of the following Public Limited Companies: No. | Name of Company| Nature of Office| 1| Hero MotoCorp Limited| Director| DR. PRITAM SINGH Dr. Singh was appointed as an Additional Director on the Bo ard of the Company on September 28, 2004. in the category of Non-Executive and Independent Director. He is author of seven academically reputed books and over 50 research papers. Dr. Pritam Singh is one of the pioneers of Management Education in India who has devoted his life to the development of Management Education in India and abroad. Dr.Singh received the Padam Shri Award in 2003 for his contributions to this field. Dr. Singh is also on the board of the following Public Limited Companies: No. | Name of Company| Nature of Office| 1| Dish TV India Limited| Director| 2| Godrej Properties Limited| Director| 3| Hero MotoCorp Ltd. | Director| 4| Parsvnath Developers Limited| Director| MR. M. DAMODARAN Mr. Damodaran has been appointed as an Additional Director i. e. June 16, 2008 in the category of Non-Executive and Independent Director. Mr. Damodaran, aged 61 years was born on May 4, 1947 and belongs to the Indian Administrative Service, Manipur-Tripura Cadre. He had held various cov eted positions in Government / Public Sector and Regulatory Bodies.In the past he held the position of Joint Secretary (Banking Division) in the Ministry of Finance, Chairman Unit Trust of India. He headed the IDBI bank before being appointed as the Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), the country's security market watchdog. He was also appointed as officer on special duty with the Reserve Bank of India dealing primarily with the restructuring of three identified weak public sector banks. Mr. Damodaran is currently on the board of the following Public Limited Companies: No. | Name of Company| Nature of Office| 1| Hero MotoCorp Ltd. | Director| 2| TVS Automobile Solutions Ltd| Chairman| 3| Bennett, Coleman and Company Ltd. | Director| | Hindalco Industries Limited| Director| 5| ING Vyasya Bank Limited| Director| 6| L ; T Infrastructure Finance Co. Ltd. | Director| 7| RSB Transmissions (I) Limited| Director| 8| S Kumar’s Nationwide Limited| Director| 9 | Sobha Developers Limited| Director| 10| Tech Mahindra Limited| Director| 11| UltraTech Cement Limited| Director| MR. RAVI NATH Mr. Nath has been appointed as an Additional Director w. e. f. October 14, 2009 in the category of Non-Executive and Independent Director. Mr. Nath, aged 64 years is an Advocate of Supreme Court of India. He is a Partner of one of the India's oldest legal firms Rajinder Narain & Co. He has done his B.Com (Honours), LLB, International and Competitive Laws from King's College, London, and PIL from Harvard. He did his apprentice from Sinclair Roche and Temperley, London. He brings with him rich and specialized experience in the field of Corporate and Commercial law, Asset Finance, Aviation and Cross Border issues of nearly 40 illustrious years. He has also been recognized several times by Euro money and others as a leading lawyer in the field of Mergers ; Acquisitions. He is listed in Who's Who and Legal 500. The Bar Association of India conferred its highest honour on him. Mr. Nath is also on the board of the following Public Limited Companies: No. Name of Company| Nature of Office| 1| Hero MotoCorp Ltd. | Director| 2| Kanoria Chemicals & Industries Ltd. | Director| 3| Somany Ceramics Ltd. | Director| 4| Voith Paper Fabrics India Ltd. | Director| Dr. ANAND C. BURMAN Dr. Burman has been appointed as an Additional Director w. e. f. January 13, 2010 in the category of Non-Executive and Independent Director. Dr. Burman is an eminent Industrialist with particular interests in the areas of Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Sciences as well as Biotechnology and Technology issues. Dr. Burman has Doctorate in the area of Pharmaceutical Chemistry from the University of Kansas, USA.He is currently the Chairman of Dabur India Limited. He is also a member in the Council of Governors at Birkbeck College, University of London. Dr. Burman is also on the board of the following Public Limited Companies: No. | Name of Company| Nature of Offi ce| 1| Hero MotoCorp Ltd. | Director| 2| Althea Lifesciences Limited| Director| 3| Aviva Life Insurance Co. India Limited| Director| 4| Dabur India Limited| Director| 5| Dabur Pharmaceutical Limited| Director| 6| Ester Industries Limited| Director| 7| H&B Stores Limited| Director| 8| Hindustan Motors Limited| Director| ————————————————- PROMINENT AWARDS TO THE COMPANYYear| Awards & Recognitions| 2009| ET Awards for Corporate Excellence – HERO MOTOCORP is the winner of the â€Å"Company of the Year† award for 2008 – 09. | | 2008| NDTV Profit Business Leadership Award 2008 – HERO MOTOCORP Wins the Coveted â€Å"NDTV Profit Business Leadership Award 2008†³| TNS Voice of the Customer Awards:| * No. 1 executive motorcycle Splendor NXG * No. 1 standard motorcycle CD Deluxe * No. premium motorcycle CBZ Xtreme| | 2007| The NDTV Profit Car India & Bike India Awards 2007 in the following category:| * Overall â€Å"Bike of the Year† – CBZ X-treme * â€Å"Bike of the Year† – CBZ X-treme (up to 150 cc category) | | 006 | Adjudged 7th Top Indian Company by Wallstreet Journal Asia (Top Indian Two Wheeler Company). Best in its class awards for each category by TNS Total Customer Satisfaction Awards 2006:| * Splendor Plus (Executive) * CD Deluxe (Entry) * Pleasure (Gearless Scooters)| HERO MOTOCORP Splendor rated as India's most preferred two-wheeler brand at the Awaaz Consumer Awards 2006. | 2005 | Awaaz Consumer Awards 2005 – India's most preferred two-wheeler brand by CNBC in the ‘Automobiles' category. Bike Maker of the Year Award by Overdrive Magazine. | 2004 | Winner of the Review 200 – Asia's Leading Companies Award (3rd Rank amongst the top 10 Indian companies. | 2003 | Most Respected Company in Automobile Sector by Business World. | 2002| Ranked 4th in ‘Overall Best Manag ed Company' category, ranked 3rd in ‘Best Financial Management' and ‘Best Operational Efficiency' category, and ranked 6th in ‘Overall Best Investor Relations' category, by Asia money. | 2001 | Winner of the Review 200 – Asia’s Leading Companies Award (9th Rank amongst the top 10 Indian Companies). Winner of Three Leaves Award for showing Corporate Environment Responsibility in the Automobile Sector by Centre for Science ; Environment. | 1999 | National Productivity Award for the Best Productivity Award in the category of Automobile ; Tractor presented by Vice President of India. 1995 | The Analyst Award 1995 presented to HERO MOTOCORP Motors Ltd. on being ranked 9th amongst the most investor rewarding companies in India. | 1995 | National Award for outstanding contribution to the Development of Indian Small Scale Industry (NSIC Award – Presented by President of India). | 1991 | Economic Times-Harvard Business School Award for Corporate Perform ance to HERO MOTOCORP Motors Ltd. | ————————————————- PRODUCT PROFILE product| Product name| Showroom price| | HERO MOTOCORP CD-Dawn STD(97. 20 cc) | Rs. 44,681| | HERO MOTOCORP HF-Deluxe SPOKEHF-Deluxe CASTHF-Deluxe SPOKE(SS)HF-Deluxe CAST(SS)(97. 20 cc) | Rs. 48,292Rs. 50,255Rs. 50,929Rs. 51,939| HERO MOTOCORP Splendor Plus SPOKESplendor Plus CASTSplendor Pro SPOKESplendor Pro CASTSplendor Pro SPOKE (SS)Splendor Pro CAST (SS)(97. 20 cc)| Rs. 53,061Rs. 54,183Rs. 54,071Rs. 55,192Rs. 56,315Rs. 57,438| | HERO MOTOCORP Splendor NXG CASTSplendor NXG SPOKE (SS)Splendor NXG CAST (SS)(100 cc)| Rs. 53,321Rs. 54,669Rs. 55,791| | HERO MOTOCORP Passion Pro DRK SPOKEPassion Pro DRK CASTPassion Pro SPOKE (SS)Passion Pro CAST (SS)Passion Pro DISK (SS)(97. 20 cc)| Rs. 55,418Rs. 56,540Rs. 57,661Rs. 58784Rs. 61,028| | HERO MOTOCORP Passion X-Pro CASTPassion X-Pro SPOKEPassion X-Pro CAST S. S. Passion X-Pro SPOKE S. S. Passion X-Pro CAST DISK S. S. | Rs. 58,166Rs. 57,044Rs. 60,411Rs. 9,289Rs 62,655| | HERO MOTOCORP Super Splendor S. S(124. 70 cc)| Rs. 61,495| | HERO MOTOCORP Glamour DRUM SS NEWGlamour CAST DISK (SS)Glamour FI DISK (SS)(125 cc)| Rs. 63,299Rs. 65,544Rs. 73,539| | HERO MOTOCORP Achiever CAST(150 cc)| Rs. 69,568| | HERO MOTOCORP CBZ Extreme REAR DRUMCBZ Extreme FR& RR DISK| Rs. 78,477Rs. 81,843| | HERO MOTOCORP Hunk CAST FR DISK (SS)Hunk CAST FR & RR DISK (SS)| Rs. 76,836Rs. 80,203| | HERO MOTOCORP Karizma BLACK WHEELKarizma-ZMR (FI-NEW)(225cc)| Rs. 92,205Rs. 1,14,500| | HERO MOTOCORP Igniter CAST (SS)HERO MOTOCORP Igniter DISK CAST (SS)| Rs. 67,423Rs. 69,568| | HERO MOTOCORP- ExtremeHERO MOTOCORP-Extreme FR & RR| Rs. 79,599Rs. 2,966| | HERO MOTOCORP Impulse| Rs. 81,538| | HERO MOTOCORP Maestro| Rs. 58,145| | HERO MOTOCORP Pleasure-NEW(102 cc)| Rs. 53,007| PART 3 TOPICS * REVIEW OF LITERATURE ——————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- REVIEW OF LITERATURE Literature review Preference or taste is a concept used in the social science particularly economics, it assumes a real or imagined â€Å"choice† between alternatives and the possibility of rank ordering of these alternatives based on happiness, satisfaction, gratification, enjoyment, utility they provide more generally. It can be seen as a source of motivation. Cognitive sciences individual preferences enable choice of objectives goals.Also more consumption of a normal goods is generally ( but not always ) assumed to be preferred to less consumption. Preference rank translation is a mathematical technique used by marketers to convert stated preferences in to purchase probabilities that is into an estimate of actual buying behavior. It takes survey data on consumers preferences and converts it in to actual purchase probability. One consumer would in general have different consumption behav iors or preference from another. He may spend money on computers and technical books while the other may spend on two-wheelers. Availability of this information on consumer preference will be of great value to a marketing company.A bank or a credit card company that can use this information to target different groups of consumer for improved response rate or profit. By the same to key information on conception preference of the residents in one specific region for improved profit. Therefore it is very important to have a tool that can help analysis consumers behavior and forecast the changes in purchase pattern and changes in purchase trend. According to tray Norcross, London, I believe very strongly that consumers have a right just because it is getting harder to reach consumers doesn’t mean that marketers should be more devious or more forceful in their attempts to reach us. In fact quite the opposite, many of us are happy to be contacted with relevant timely, meaningful of fers.But it’s going to be on our terms, no longer victims of aggressive marketing we want to participate in the process with trusted brands and partners. Come and hang out with me here on consumer preference and learn how as a consumer. You can have more control than you thought. How you can research people in an effective and respectful way. TOPICS CONCEPT OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION PART 4 ————————————————- CONCEPT OF SATISFACTION Concept Customer satisfaction: Satisfaction is the consumer’s fulfilment response. It is a judgement that product or service feature, or product or service itself, provides a pleasurable level of consumption-related fulfilment.Satisfaction is person’s feeling of pleasure or disappointment resulting from company’s product perceived performance in reaction to his/her expectation. Customer Satisfaction: Satisfaction: †Å"Satisfaction is a new way for customers and organization to work together to get answers, solve problems, and create new and better products ; services† CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: The usual measures of customer satisfaction involve a survey with a set of statements using a Likert Technique or scale. The customer is asked to evaluate each statement and in term of their perception and expectation of the performance of the organization being measured. Customer satisfaction measures the gap between customer experiences and expectations.If a customer’s experience of a product or dealer service exceeds his/her expectations, then the exceeded amount will equal satisfaction. And conversely, if the Customer’s experience falls short of expectation, the short fall will be equal dissatisfaction. Thus, customer satisfaction is the art of managing customer expectation and experience. Hence it can be seen that a two-wheeler has changed from a luxury item to a necessity. This indi cates that the present market condition is very good ; future of the indenting seems to be highly potential, hence many new entrants are entering the industry and making the competition even more enthusiastic. In this project report, we will find out the satisfaction level of the Hero MotoCorp Bikes owners in Surat city.The problem it is facing in the present market scenario. This project evaluates the various factors that keep the customer satisfied. It also evaluates the various factors that influence a customer to buy the bikes. While selecting a bikes, the various aspects that have to be given a thought with respect to Brand Image, Colour, Fuel efficiency, technology used, etc†¦ The extent to which a product perceived performance matches a buyer’s expectations. If the product’s performance falls short of expectations, the buyer is dissatisfied. If performance matches or exceeds expectations, the buyer is satisfied or delighted. Expectations shape customer perc eption of product / firm’s performance.Customer perceptions of the firm and its offer are shaped by: * Work of mouth publicity – like recommendations from friends , relatives, neighbours and peer group at work place. * Personal experience on the part of the customers. * Personal needs of individual customers. * External communication like the publicity of the firm in the media and its advertisement and other corporate communications. The study also finds the percentage of respondents who claim the dealership personnel attempted to influence their response to satisfaction surveys doubles to 12 percent when service is not up to par, when the work was not completed right the first time, or when the vehicle was not ready when promised. Clearly some dealer personnel are attempting to mitigate a problem they know they have. But the attempt is usually transparent, and comes off as disingenuous,† said Ivers. â€Å"Auto companies and dealers recognize the obvious benefit s of satisfying customers. Satisfied customers often bring repeat business and tell their acquaintances about the experience. While a few dealer personnel find creative ways to garner positive feedback, even when it’s undeserved, the reality is customer satisfaction is driven by truly satisfying customers, not trying to influence their satisfaction surveys. † A business term is a measure of how products and services supplied by a companmeet or surpass(better than) customer exprctation.When conducting a customer satisfaction survey, what you ask the customer is important. How, when and hoe often you ask these questions ars also important. However, the most important thing about conducting a customer satisfaction survey is what you do with the answer. Customer satisfaction will come acros the many situation where the organization need to evaluate customer perception of difference attributes of a product and his satisfaction there of. The customer satisfaction is very usef ul for the identifications of the customer requirements, establishment of products functional requirements , and also veryuseful for the concept of the product development. Customer satisfaction in 7 steps (4) encourage face to face dealings 2 respond to messages promptly and keep your clients informed. 3 be friendly and approachable 4 have a clerly defined customer service policy 5 attention to detail 6 anticipate your client’s needs and go out of your way to help themout 7 honour your promises So, customer satisfaction of a function of perceived performance and expectation. If the performance falls short of expectation, the customer is dissatisfied. If the performance matches the expectation, the customer is satisfied. If the performance exceeds expectation, the customer is highly satisfied or delighted. Tools for tracking and measuring customer satisfactionThere are four following tools for tracking and measuring customer satisfaction:- * Complaint and suggestion system. * Customer satisfaction survey. * Lost customer analysis. But among them customer satisfaction survey is suitable because responsive companies measure customer satisfaction direct by conduction periodic survey. CUSTOMER SERVICE: This is the most important department in a courier service. Customer service department should be very well trained and they should have good product knowledge. It is imperative that they treat each client as an important one. Problems are bound to occur due to circumstances beyond our control, but the customer service should be able to answer these clients and should not run away from the problems.At the branch level the operator or office assistant will have the dual responsibility of receiving collection calls as well as customer service calls. RESPONSIBILITIES OF A CUSTOMER SERVICE * Helping customers in trouble * Working for customer satisfaction * Upholding the company’s image * Increasing the company’s business * Supporting and carrying o ut the company’s policy of service excellence * Being an important link between the management and the customer. FEW THOUGHTS ABOUT CUSTOMER CARE * A customer is the most important person to enter our place of business. * A customer is not dependent on us we are dependent on him. He pays our salary. A customer is a person who brings us his wants; it is our job, duty and privilege to handle him with promptness courtesy and consideration. * The company that cares for the customers does not have to be anxious about its profitability and growth. * A customer is not an interruption to our work. He is the purpose of it. We are not doing him a favour by serving him. He is doing us a favour by giving us the opportunity to serve him. * Customers do not buy a product, unless they are useful, convenient, attractive, durable and reliable. * The employee who cares for the customer does not have to be anxious or worried about his job security and incomes. â€Å"STRANGER† is a Ã¢â‚¬Ë œfriend’ whom we have yet to meet.WHY CUSTOMERS QUIT * 1% due to death. * 3% move away * 5% form other friendships. * 9% for competitive reasons. * 14% because of product dissatisfaction. * 68% quit because of attitude of indifference towards customer service. WHAT DISPLACES THE CUSTOMER * Delay in responding. * Ignoring his presence. * Over charging without prior notice or explanation. * Untidy office. * Unmanned counter and telephone. * Show rules instead of being helpful. * Delaying refunds and dues. * Make him appear small, by not showing respect. PART 5 TOPICS PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION ————————————————- PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:As customers satisfaction is the key element for progress companies must give more priority to ever changing needs of the customer. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: * A well define problem is half solution of that problem. So it represent single most important step to be Identification of problem and definition of it. And that is this task is heart of research work. * Here in the research view, problem identification means either converting management problem in to research problem or converting marketing in to research proposal. * HERO MOTOCORP wants to know the customer satisfaction level of HERO MOTOCORP bike, why the customer of HERO MOTOCORP satisfied or dissatisfied with product. * To under take customer satisfaction level of HERO MOTOCORP at DHRU AUTOMOBILEES. ———————————————— OBJECTIVES OF STUDY Following are the major objective the research study .OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The present study has been conducted in order to * Know the customer awareness level of HERO MOTOCORP Company’s product range. * To make a satisfaction analysis of people on the performance, aesthetics, features, se rviceability and company image of HERO MOTOCORP Bikes they own. * To analyze the attitude and perception level of people towards the HERO MOTOCORP Bikes they own * To know the present consumer preference in the market. * To offer suggestion based on the findings. * To know the satisfaction level of customers. To find out which features attract to the customers. * To find out the factors which are important while purchasing HERO MOTOCORP products? * To track the factor affecting satisfaction level of customers and perception in view point of Customers ————————————————- LIMITATION OF STUDY Following are the major limitation the research study * Scope/area of study is restricted to only Surat city. * Time duration of study is duly 6 weeks. * Study considered only few samples of customers. * The information collected by interview can be biased to a little extent as they expres s them. ————————————————- SIGNIFICANCE The study is useful to know the customer satisfaction of HERO MOTOCORP bike. * The study is also too useful to know different criteria which are important for taking the decision about changes in various systems. * The report is useful to know the